氮肥不同追施方式对甜高粱叶片光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer topdressing methods on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of sweet sorghum

作　　者：再吐尼古丽·库尔班[1] 吐尔逊·吐尔洪[2] 伊斯拉依·达吾提[3] 王卉[1] 周大伟 Zaituniguli Kuerban;Tuerxun Tuerhong;Yisilayi Dawuti;WANG Hui;ZHOU Dawei(Institute of Food Crops,Xingjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology/College of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Yining Xinjiang 835000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830051 [3]新疆农业大学草业学院/新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052 [4]伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所,新疆伊宁835099

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第2期326-335,共10页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目“高粱品种与水肥管理互作关系及其碳氮积累机理研究”(2021D01A107);新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本业务费专项“施氮量及氮后移模式对高粱生理特征及氮肥利用效率的影响机制研究”(KY2023031);新疆维吾尔自治区乡村振兴产业发展科技行动项目“微藻生物增效剂在粮食作物提质增效种植的应用与集成示范”(2022NC072)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究氮肥不同追施处理下甜高粱不同生育期光合特性的变化规律及最佳氮肥追施方式。【方法】设置大田试验,分析空白不施肥(CK)、B_(1)(2次沟施追氮肥)、B_(2)(2次滴施追氮肥)、B_(3)(4次滴施追氮肥)等4种氮肥不同追施处理对6种甜高粱品种不同生育阶段叶片的光合特性、水分利用效率(WUE)动态规律及生物产量的影响。【结果】甜高粱叶片的Pn、Tr、Ci、WUE在不同生育期不同氮肥追施处理下的变化趋势不一致,品种和处理间存在变化规律差异的现象。同一品种在同一生育阶段氮肥不同追施处理的光合特性有差异,叶片光合特性受氮肥追施处理的影响。Pn的变化范围在5.50~28.52μmol CO_(2)/(m^(2)·s),大力士在B_(3)处理处于最高值,比CK显著提高39.91%。全部品种在B_(2)处理的Tr值与CK处理的Tr值差异均不显著。拔节和乳熟期B_(3)处理所有品种的Gs值与CK处理的Gs值差异均不显著。WUE的变化范围在3.05~16.86μmol/mmol,拔节期只有B_(2)处理晋甜杂3号WUE值比CK显著提高71.28%,其他所有处理所有品种均与CK差异不显著。开花期B_(1)处理所有品种的WUE值均与CK不显著。生物产量变化范围在47.51~85.85 t/hm^(2),氮肥追施处理比CK增产幅度为7.66%~53.67%。大力士在所有处理的产量均高于其他品种,且B_(1)、B_(2)、B_(3)处理产量最高的品种顺序均一致,大力士>晋甜杂3号>辽甜3号。【结论】大力士、晋甜杂3号、辽甜3号在当地的适应性较好,B_(2)处理能够改善光合条件,使产量和水分利用效率达到最大,该处理是促进干旱区高粱生长发育的最佳氮肥滴管追施模式。【Objective】In order to clarify the variation of photosynthetic characteristics of sweet sorghum at different growth stages.【Methods】The optimal topdressing method of nitrogen fertilizer under different topdressing treatments of nitrogen fertilizer,four different topdressing treatments,such as control without fertilization(CK),B_(1)(2 times furrow top dressing),B_(2)(2 times dropwise top dressing),B_(3)(4 times dropwise top dressing),were set and the effects of treatments on the photosynthetic characteristics,water use efficiency(WUE)and biomass yield of six sweet sorghum cultivars at different growth stages were studied.【Results】The experimental results showed that the changing law of Pn,Tr,Ci and WUE in sweet sorghum leaves under different topdressing treatments at different growth stages varied between varieties and treatments.The photosynthetic characteristics of the same variety at the same growth stage under different treatments were different,and the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves were affected by topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer.The change range of Pn was at 5.50-28.52μmol CO_(2)/(m^(2)·s),which was the highest value of Dalishi in B_(3)treatment,which was significantly higher than CK by 39.91%.The difference between the Tr value of all varieties in B_(2)and CK was not significant.At jointing and milk ripening stage,there was no significant difference in the Gs values of all cultivars between treatments and CK.The variation range of WUE was at 3.05-16.86μmol/mmol.Compared with CK,only the WUE value of Jintianzai No.3 in B_(2)treatment was significantly increased(71.28%)while those of other treatments were not significantly different from CK at the jointing stage.At the flowering stage,the WUE values of all varieties in B_(1)were not significantly different from that in CK.The biomass yield ranged from 47.51 t/hm^(2)to 85.85 t/hm^(2),and the yield increase of treatments was 7.66%-53.67%,compared with CK.The yield of Dalishi was higher than that of other varieties in all treatments,

关 键 词：甜高粱 氮肥 追施 光合参数 变化规律 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]