微反应技术在含能材料连续安全合成中的应用与发展  

Review on The Application of Microreaction Technology in the Safe and Controllable Synthesis of Energetic Material

作　　者：尧超群 刘璇 张德旺 赵帅南 郭笑妮 陈光文[1] YAO Chao-qun;LIU Xuan;ZHANG De-wang;ZHAO Shuai-nan;GUO Xiao-ni;CHEN Guang-wen(Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Dalian 116023,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266555,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,辽宁大连116023 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国石油大学(华东),化学化工学院,山东青岛266555

出　　处：《含能材料》2024年第3期312-324,共13页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(21991103,22278391)。

摘　　要：含能材料广泛应用于兵器工业、航空航天及民用建设等领域。其合成过程复杂、危险性高,传统釜式反应工艺难以满足产品质量和过程安全控制的要求。微反应技术具有热质传递速率高和安全性好等优点,在含能材料领域具有广阔的发展前景。为此,本文从微反应技术基本原理、含能化合物合成、含能颗粒材料制备和超声微反应器四方面展开综述,基于化学工程视角,阐释微化工技术在含能材料领域的应用特点。同时,总结并展望了技术领域的研究难点与未来发展方向,包括反应动力学/热力学、高黏/含固流体混合强化、反应放大与智能系统、三废处理及如何与人工智能等新兴学科结合等问题。Energetic materials are widely applied in the area of weaponry industry,aerospace and civil construction.The synthe⁃sis of energetic materials is very complex and of great danger in the conventional stirred tank,which can no longer fulfill the re⁃quirement of product quality and process safety.The microreaction technology,which has significant advantages of fast heat/mass transfer and excellent safety,has great potential in the synthesis of energetic materials.This review introduces the progress from four aspects,namely the principle of microreaction technology,energetic compound synthesis,production of energetic particles and ultrasonic microreactors.It aims to elaborate the application characteristics of microreaction technology in the area of energetic materials based on the viewpoint of chemical engineering.Finally,the challenges and future direction are summa⁃rized and outlooked,including reaction kinetics/thermal kinetics,mixing intensification of viscous and solid⁃involved fluids,re⁃action scale⁃up and intelligent system,waste treatment and how to embrace emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence.

关 键 词：微反应器 连续合成 超声微反应器 强放热 含能材料 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O62[理学—有机化学]