控失尿素对氮素利用率、土壤硝态氮含量及冬小麦增产效果的影响  

The Effect of Controlled Loss Urea on Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency,Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Content,and Yield Increase of Winter Wheat

作　　者：孙克刚[1] 杜君[1] 和爱玲[1] 杨占平[1] 刘高远 王春兰 岳艳军 SUN Kegang;DU Jun;HE Ailing;YANG Zhanping;LIU Gaoyuan;WANG Chunlan;YUE Yanjun(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China;Henan Xinlianxin Chemicals Group Co.,Ltd.,Xinxiang,Henan 453731,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]河南心连心化学工业集团股份有限公司,河南新乡453731

出　　处：《肥料与健康》2024年第1期58-61,共4页Fertilizer & Health

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项“主要粮食作物一次性施肥技术研究与示范”(201303103);2013年度河南省省院合作项目(122106000035);“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目“黄淮海平原南部(河南)小麦玉米丰产节水节肥技术集成与示范”(2013BAD07B07);河南省科技厅农业攻关项目“小麦玉米一体化栽培、施肥简化优化措施研究”(092102110041)。

摘　　要：为探索控失尿素的施用方法,发现控失尿素在施用中存在的问题,以冬小麦为试验对象,开展了田间小区试验,考察了不同施肥处理和施肥方式对冬小麦产量、氮素利用率和土壤硝态氮含量的影响。结果表明:施氮处理的冬小麦产量高于不施氮处理的,处理间差异极显著;氮素施用量和施肥方式相同时,控失尿素处理的冬小麦产量高于普通尿素处理的,处理间差异极显著;氮素施用量和肥料品种相同而施肥方式不同时,底施+追施的增产效果优于全底施的,处理间差异显著;控失尿素氮素施用量比普通尿素减少20%的条件下,冬小麦产量无显著性差异;与施用普通尿素的处理相比,施用控失尿素的处理不仅氮素利用率高,且均不同程度地降低了土壤中硝态氮的含量。施用控失尿素可以提高冬小麦的产量和氮素利用率,降低土壤中硝态氮的含量。In order to explore the application methods of controlled loss urea and identify the problems in its application,a field plot experiment is conducted on winter wheat to investigate the effects of different fertilization treatments and methods on winter wheat yield,nitrogen utilization efficiency,and soil nitrate nitrogen content.The results show that the winter wheat yield under nitrogen application treatment is higher than that under no nitrogen application treatment,and the differences between the treatments are extremely significant.When the nitrogen application rate and fertilization method are the same,the winter wheat yield under controlled loss urea treatment is higher than that under normal urea treatment,and the difference between treatments is extremely significant.When the nitrogen application rate and fertilizer variety are the same,but the fertilization method is different,the yield increase effect of bottom application and topdressing is better than that of full bottom application,and the difference between treatments is significant.There is no significant difference in winter wheat yield when the nitrogen application rate of controlled loss urea is 20%lower than that of normal urea.Compared with the treatment using normal urea,the treatments using controlled loss urea not only improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency,but also reduce the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil to varying degrees.The application of controlled loss urea can improve the yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of winter wheat,and reduce the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil.

关 键 词：控失尿素 冬小麦 氮素利用率 硝态氮 产量 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] TQ441.41[农业科学—农业基础科学]