论个人生物识别信息保护中个体权利与公共利益的平衡  

On the Balance between Individual Rights and Public Interest in the Protection of Personal Biometric Information

作　　者：郑文阳 Zheng Wenyang

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学行政法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2024年第2期159-168,共10页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：重庆市博士后特别资助项目(2022CQBSHTB3077)“重庆市科创数据安全的立法保障研究”;国家社科基金重大项目(20&ZD190)“新时代国家安全法治的体系建设与实施措施研究”。

摘　　要：《个人信息保护法》是个人信息保护领域的基础性法律,个人生物识别信息则是个人信息保护类型中的特殊类型。个人生物识别信息主要包括三个核心要素,一是以自然人的生物或行为特征信息为基础,二是以身份信息为一般对比物,三是以算法匹配为关键过程。据此,个人生物识别信息与一般的个人信息在权利属性、处理规则、商业化利用限制等保护层面上均存在差异。个人生物识别信息保护中,应当注重个体自由价值与公共管理价值的平衡,涉及静态与动态、个人利益与公共利益、私法保护与公法保护等诸多法律价值面向的具体法律制度的构建。为实现个人生物识别信息保护中个体权利和公共利益的平衡,应以合法性原则、安全原则和比例原则作为行政主体在处理个人生物识别信息过程中的执法原则。其中,合法性原则是基础性原则,是公共管理介入私人生活的正当性依据;安全原则是保障性原则,是抵御数据活动社会风险、保障个人信息安全的方向性路径;比例原则是核心性原则,是个人抵御行政机关过度侵入个人权益的防卫性理由。The Personal Information Protection Law is the basic law in the field of personal information protection,while personal biometric information is a special existence in the types of personal information protection.Personal biometric information mainly includes three core elements,one is based on information about the biological or behavioral characteris-tics of natural persons,the second is the identity information as the general contrast,and the third is the algorithm matching as the key process.Accordingly,there are differences between personal biometric information and general personal informa-tion in terms of rights attributes,processing rules,commercial utilization restrictions and other protection aspects.In the protection of personal biometric information,the balance between individual freedom value and public management value should be emphasized,which involves the construction of specific legal systems for many legal value orientations,such as static and dynamic,personal interests and public interests,private law protection and public law protection.In order to a-chieve the balance between individual rights and public interests in the protection of personal biometric information,the principles of legality,security and proportion should be used as the law enforcement principles in the process of handling personal biometric information by administrative subjects.Among them,the principle of legitimacy is the basic principle,which is the legitimate basis for public management to intervene in private life.The security principle is the guarantee prin-ciple,which is the directional path to resist the social risks of data activities and ensure the personal information security.The principle of proportion is the central principle that justifies the defense of the individual against excessive intrusion by the executive.

关 键 词：个人隐私 个人生物识别信息 法律价值 比例原则 

分 类 号：D922.29[政治法律—经济法学]