发酵稻壳通过增强氮代谢途径影响烟草幼苗的生长发育  

Fermented rice husk affects the growth and development of tobacco seedlings by enhancing nitrogen metabolism pathway

作　　者：张斌[1] 袁志辉[1] 彭陆军 周向平 周德英 王锡春 ZHANG Bin;YUAN Zhihui;PENG Lujun;ZHOU Xiangping;ZHOU Deying;WANG Xichun(Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ginkgo Biloba,Hunan University of Science and Engineering,Yongzhou 425199,Hunan,China;Yongzhou Siyuan Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Yongzhou 425000,Hunan,China;Yongzhou Branch of Hunan Provincial Tobacco Company,Yongzhou 425000,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技学院湖南省银杏工程技术研究中心,湖南永州425199 [2]永州市思源农业科技有限公司,湖南永州425000 [3]湖南省烟草公司永州市公司,湖南永州425000

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2024年第2期237-246,共10页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金(2022JJ30274);永州市烟草专卖局科技项目(YYJ201915-24)。

摘　　要：为探究发酵稻壳替代炭化稻壳在烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)漂浮育苗中的可行性,以商用基质为对照,用不同比例发酵稻壳(fermented rice husk, FRH)替换湘烟7号栽培基质中的炭化稻壳(carbonized rice husk, CRH),并在温室中漂浮育苗60 d,测定幼苗形态指标;选取长势最好处理组FRH1,测定根系和生理指标,进行转录组测序,并对相关代谢通路和关键基因进行鉴定和分析。结果表明,6个处理间整齐度差异不大,但FRH处理生长势优于CRH处理;综合比较,FRH1处理在株高、根冠比和壮苗指数方面优于其他处理。FRH1处理的一级侧根数量、长度和表面积分别为292条、39.7 mm、4.9 cm^(2),根系脯氨酸含量、CAT和SOD活性分别为7.0μg·g^(-1)、232 U·g^(-1)·min^(-1)和45.7 U·g^(-1)·min^(-1),均显著高于CRH处理;FRH1和CRH处理共有294个显著差异表达基因参与氮代谢、戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸相互转化等20个KEGG代谢通路,并得到了显著富集;共挖掘出12个参与氮代谢的关键基因,并通过qRT-PCR进行了验证,同时发现硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐转运体基因newGene_31743在2个处理(FRH1和CRH处理)中相对表达量都较高。与CRH处理相比,FRH1处理中烟苗根系硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶活性分别显著提高8%和7%,氮含量上升1.7%(无显著差异)。发酵稻壳替代炭化稻壳进行漂浮育苗可以增强烟草幼苗氮代谢途径,从而改善烟草根系酶活性,提高根系活力,改良根系形态,进而促进烟苗生长。In order to explore the feasibility of replacing carbonized rice husk(CRH)with fermented rice husk(FRH)in floating seedling cultivation of tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.).In this study,FRH was used to replace the CRH in different proportions in the culture medium of tobacco with commercial substrate as the control,and the tobacco seedlings were floated in the greenhouse for 60 days,and the morphological indexes of the seedlings were measured.The root and physiological indicators of the best growing treatment group FRH1 were measured,the transcriptome was sequenced,and the related metabolic pathways were analyzed,at the same time,the related key genes of the tobacco seedlings were identified and verified.The results showed that there was no significant difference in uniformity among the six treatments,but the growth potential of FRH treatment was better than that of CRH treatment;By comprehensive comparison,FRH1 treatment was superior to other treatments in plant height,root-shoot ratio and seedling strength index.The number,length and surface area of the primary lateral roots of tobacco seedlings treated with FRH1 were 292,39.7 mm and 4.9 cm^(2),and the proline content,CAT and SOD activity in root system were 7.0μg·g^(-1),232 U·g^(-1)·min^(-1)and 45.7 U·g^(-1)·min^(-1),respectively,which were significantly higher than the CRH treatment.Transcriptome data showed that 294 differentially expressed genes in two treatment were significantly enriched in 20 KEGG metabolic pathways,including nitrogen metabolism,pentose and glucuronic acid conversion.12 key genes involved in nitrogen metabolism pathway were excavated and verified by qRT-PCR analysis,and the relative expression of nitrate/nitrite transporter gene newGene_31743 was higher in both treatments(FRH1 and CRH).The activities of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in the roots of tobacco seedlings treated with FRH1 increased by 8%and 7%respectively compared to the CRH treatment,showing significant differences;while the nitrogen content increased by 1.7%,bu

关 键 词：发酵稻壳 炭化稻壳 漂浮育苗 烟草幼苗 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]