花椒流胶病拮抗菌的分离鉴定及其生防机制  

Isolation, identification and biocontrol mechanism of antagonistic fungus against Chinese pepper gummosis

作　　者：赵吉桃 何静[1,2] 丁德东 李彦湘 候彩霞 赵倩 ZHAO Jitao;HE Jing;DING Dedong;LI Yanxiang;HOU Caixia;ZHAO Qian(College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Wolfberry Harmless Cultivation Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学甘肃省枸杞无害化栽培工程研究中心,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2024年第2期373-382,共10页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金重点项目(20JR10RA508);中央财政推广示范项目(2018ZYTG15)。

摘　　要：由三线镰刀菌(Fusarium tricinctum)引起的花椒流胶病是近年来危害严重的花椒病害之一。为获得F.tricinctum的优良拮抗菌株,采用平板对峙法,筛选分离得到一株具较强拮抗作用的花椒内生真菌HJ-18,其对F.tricinctum的抑制率达58.85%。基于形态学和ITS分子鉴定,初步确定HJ-18为裂褶菌(Schizophyllum commune,GenBank登录号为OP502072);经抑菌谱与稳定性测试发现,HJ-18对4种供试植物病原真菌均具抑制效果,培养滤液经不同光照、温度和pH处理后,抗真菌效果稳定,但对紫外线敏感;当菌株HJ-18培养滤液体积分数为50%时,对F.tricinctum菌丝生长抑制率为66.40%;扫描电镜结果显示,经菌株HJ-18培养滤液处理后,F.tricinctum菌丝出现褶皱,且表面有碎屑产生;盆栽试验表明,菌株HJ-18对花椒流胶病的相对防效为52.65%,与22.5%啶氧菌酯100倍液处理具有相同防效。以上结果表明,菌株HJ-18是一株具有生防潜力的内生真菌,可作为生防菌剂进行开发利用。Chinese pepper gummosis caused by Fusarium tricinctum is a serious disease of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in recent years.In order to obtain the excellent antagonistic strain of F.tricinctum,and the endophytic fungi with strong antagonistic effect were screened and isolated by plate confrontation method.A strain with high antagonistic activity was obtained,and its inhibition rate reached 58.85%,which was named HJ-18.Based on morphological and ITS molecular identification,it was preliminarily identified as Schizophyllum commune(GenBank accession number:OP502072).The antifungal spectrum test showed that it had inhibitory effect on 4 plant pathogenic fungi.After treatment with different light,temperature and pH,the antifungal effect was stable,but sensitive to ultraviolet ray.When the volume fraction of culture filtrate was 50%,the inhibition rate of mycelium growth of F.tricinctum was the highest,reaching 66.40%.Scanning electron microscope observation showed that after treatment with culture filtrate,the mycelium of F.tricinctum was wrinkled,and debris was produced on the surface.The results of pot experiment showed that the relative prevention effect of strain HJ-18 was 52.65%,which was the same as 100-fold dilution of 22.5%picoxystrobin treatment.The above results show that strain HJ-18 is an endophytic fungus with biocontrol potential and can be used as a biocontrol agent.

关 键 词：花椒流胶病 内生真菌 拮抗菌株 培养滤液 生防机制 

分 类 号：S435.73[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]