直播方式对重庆地区稻田杂草群落组成和生态位的影响  

Effects of direct seeding methods on weed community composition and ecological niche in paddy fields in Chongqing,China

作　　者：黄乾龙[1] 王楚桃[1,2] 何永歆 欧阳杰[1,2] 朱子超 管玉圣[1,2] 蒋刚 熊英[1,2] 李贤勇 HUANG Qianlong;WANG Chutao;HE Yongxin;OUYANG Jie;ZHU Zichao;GUAN Yusheng;JIANG Gang;XIONG Ying;LI Xianyong(Rice Research Institute,Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 401329,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Breeding,Chongqing 408304,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业科学院水稻研究所,重庆401329 [2]杂交水稻育种重庆市重点实验室,重庆408304

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2024年第2期383-390,共8页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：重庆市农业科学院市级财政专项项目(NKY-2022AC009);重庆市农业科学院青年创新团队项目(NKY-2018QC03)。

摘　　要：为高效绿色防除重庆地区直播稻田杂草,对淹水直播和湿润直播处理下稻田杂草的群落组成和生态位进行研究。结果表明,淹水直播和湿润直播稻田的杂草群落分别由16种(隶属于9科15属)和18种(隶属于10科17属)杂草组成,水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper)和鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)为湿润直播下特有的杂草。淹水直播和湿润直播的重要杂草群落结构分别为丁香蓼(Ludwigia prostrata)+鸭舌草(Monochoria vaginalis)+稗草(Echinochloa crus-galli)和陌上菜(Lindernia procumbens)+稗草(E.crus-galli)+看麦娘(Alopecurus aequalis)+异型莎草(Cyperus difformis)。除稗草(E.crus-galli)外,两种直播方式下重要杂草的重要值均差异显著(P<0.05)。两种直播方式共有的14种重要或主要杂草中,淹水直播下光头稗(Echinochloa colonum)、稗草、异型莎草、陌上菜、看麦娘、笄石菖(Juncus prismatocarpus)、双穗雀稗(Paspalum distichum)共7种重要或主要杂草的生态位宽度较湿润直播下显著降低,且其种间(除笄石菖与双穗雀稗外)生态位叠加值或显著降低或持平。综上,淹水直播可抑制水蓼和鬼针草的萌发,从而改变稻田重要杂草的群落结构,而且可控制光头稗、稗草、异型莎草、陌上菜、看麦娘、笄石菖、双穗雀稗的数量。In order to efficiently and greenly prevent weeds in direct seeding paddy fields in Chongqing,China,the community composition and ecological niche of weeds in paddy fields under flooded direct seeding and wet direct seeding were studied.The results showed that the weed communities in paddy fields under flooded direct seedig and wet direct seeding were composed of 16 species(belonging to 15 genera of 9 families)and 18 species(belonging to 17 genera of 10 families),respectively.Polygonum hydropiper and Bidens pilosa were endemic in the paddy field under wet direct seeding.The community structure of important weeds in paddy fields undre flooded direct seeding and wet direct seeding were composed of Ludwigia prostrata+Monochoria vaginalis+Echinochloa crus-galli and Lindernia procumbens+E.crus-galli+Alopecurus aequalis+Cyperus difformis,respectively.There were significant(P<0.05)difference in important values of important weeds(except E.crus-galli)between flooded direct seeding and wet direct seeding.Among the 14 important or major weeds both appreared under flooded direct seeding and wet direct seeding,the niche width of Echinochloa colonum,E.crus-galli,C.difformis,L.procumbens,A.aequali s,Juncus prismatocarpus,Paspalum distichum under flooded direct seeding were significantly reduced compared with that under wet direct seeding,and the niche oeverlap value of inter-species(except the inter-species of J.prismatocarpus and P.distichum)under flooded direct seeding were either significantly reduced or equaled to that under wet direct seeding.Therefore,flooded direct seeding could inhibit the germination of P.hydropiper and B.pilosa,therefore change the community structure of important weeds in paddy fields,as well as control the quantity of E.colonum,E.crus-galli,C.difformis,L.procumbens,A.aequalis,J.prismatocarpus,P.distichum.

关 键 词：直播方式 稻田杂草 群落组成 生态位 

分 类 号：S451.1[农业科学—植物保护]