大豆玉米带状种植模式下玉米摘穗机设计与试验  

Design and experiment of corn ear picker under soybean and corn belt planting mode

作　　者：王鹏[1] 谢守勇[1,2] 李明生 陈行政[1,2] 张小亮 刘伟 Wang Peng;Xie Shouyong;Li Mingsheng;Chen Xingzheng;Zhang Xiaoliang;Liu Wei(College of Engineering and Technology,Southwest University,Chongqing,400715,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Hilly and Mountainous Areas in Chongqing,Chongqing,400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学工程技术学院,重庆市400715 [2]丘陵山区农业装备重庆市重点实验室,重庆市400715

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2024年第2期7-12,70,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：工业和信息化部2021年适应丘陵山区农业作业的通用动力装备及高效作业机具攻关项目(TC210H02V);重庆市技术创新与应用示范重点项目(cstc2021jscx—gksb0003)。

摘　　要：针对丘陵山区大豆玉米带状种植模式的玉米果穗收获有机难用、无机可用的现状,设计一款自走式小型玉米摘穗机。该机采用纵卧式摘穗辊实现果穗摘取,并通过输送装置收集装袋;采用“Y”型布局的L型小甩刀实现茎秆粉碎。对摘穗过程进行动力学分析、对粉碎过程进行静力学分析,确定其核心装置设计参数并进行样机试制。以茎秆粉碎长度合格率、果穗损失率、籽粒破碎率为试验指标进行田间试验,来验证该机设计的合理性。试验表明:在生产率为0.8 hm^(2)/d、果穗籽粒含水率为26.38%、茎秆含水量为71.25%的条件下进行试验,茎秆粉碎长度合格率为92.4%、果穗损失率为2.06%、籽粒破碎率为0.61%。该机设计各项指标符合国家相关标准,能够满足丘陵山地地区玉米机械化收获需求。In view of the current situation that there was machinery difficult to be used or no machinery to be used in the corn ear harvesting of soybean and corn belt planting mode in hilly and mountainous areas,a self-propelled small corn ear picker was designed.The machine adopted a vertical and horizontal ear picking roller to realize ear picking,and collected bags through a conveying device.The L-shaped small flail with‘Y’layout was used to achieve stalk crushing.The dynamic analysis of the picking process and the static analysis of the crushing process were carried out to determine the design parameters of the core device and conduct prototype trial production.The field test was carried out with the qualified rate of stem crushing length,ear loss rate and grain crushing rate as the test indexes to verify the rationality of the machine design.The results showed that under the conditions of productivity of 0.8 hm^(2)/d,ear grain moisture content of 26.38%and stem moisture content of 71.25%,the qualified rate of stem crushing length was 92.4%,ear loss rate was 2.06%and grain crushing rate was 0.61%.The results show that the design of the machine meets the relevant national standards,and can meet the needs of mechanized corn harvesting in hilly and mountainous areas.

关 键 词：摘穗 茎秆粉碎 甩刀 玉米 大豆玉米带状种植 

分 类 号：S225.51[农业科学—农业机械化工程]