欧盟Natura 2000自然保护地网络建设的经验与启示  

Experience and enlightenment of EU Natura 2000 protected area network

作　　者：汤凌 黄宝荣 靳彤[3] 胡学湉 TANG Ling;HUANG Baorong;JIN Tong;HU Xuetian(Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Public Policy and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;The Nature Conservancy,Beijing 100600,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院,北京100049 [3]大自然保护协会,北京100600

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2024年第2期250-261,共12页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：“一带一路”国际科学组织联盟战略咨询项目(ANSO-SBA-2021-07);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA20020303);桃花源生态保护基金会和大自然保护协会联合资助课题(THY/BEIJING/CASISD051221)。

摘　　要：欧盟Natura 2000自然保护地网络覆盖欧盟近19%的陆地与10%的海洋,在保护生物多样性和提升区域社会经济福祉中发挥了重要作用,被誉为全球最成功的跨国自然保护地网络。其成功经验主要体现在5个方面:(1)通过区域性生物多样性保护立法,促进成员国依法履约、推动自然保护地网络建设;(2)在欧盟决议流程基础上,建立了多元主体全过程参与的决策执行机制,提升了决策的科学性和多方参与的积极性;(3)基于全域视角推动战略规划,提高了保护地网络的连通性和空间布局的合理性;(4)统筹区域发展目标,开发多元资金渠道,以资金申请考核制度促进保护地管理计划的科学制定与有效执行;(5)标准化记录保护地数据并公开共享,助力科学研究及管理模式创新。这些经验对全球生物多样性合作治理路径和模式的选择、中国引领推动全球生物多样性治理战略和政策的制定、中国以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设和优化具有重要借鉴意义。The EU Natura 2000 protected area network,covering nearly 19%of the land and 10%of the sea in the EU,has played an important role in protecting biodiversity and enhancing regional socio-economic well-being,and is regarded as the most successful protected area network in the world.Its successful experience is mainly reflected in five aspects.(1)The adoption of regional biodiversity conservation legislation and the promotion of compliance with the law by member countries to promote the construction of the protected area network.(2)The establishment of a decision-making and implementation mechanism that combines the EU resolution process and the participation of multiple subjects in the whole process,which enhances the scientificity of decision-making and the enthusiasm of all relevant subjects to participate.(3)The promoting strategic planning based on a holistic perspective to improve the connectivity and rational spatial layout of the protected area network.(4)The coordinating development goals,developing multi-channel funding sources,and promoting the formulation of scientific management plans for protected areas with a funding application and assessment system.And(5)the recording and disclosing protected area site data to help scientific research and management model innovation.These experiences have important implications for the selection of global biodiversity cooperative governance paths and models,China’s leadership in promoting the formulation of global biodiversity governance strategies and policies,and the construction and optimization of China’s protected areas system with national parks as the mainstay.

关 键 词：欧盟Natura 2000自然保护地网络 生物多样性保护 自然保护地 区域治理 

分 类 号：X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程]