旱区连作砂田土壤质量和土地生产力演变与调控研究进展  

Evolution and regulation of soil quality and land productivity in continuous cropping gravel⁃sand mulched field in arid region:progress and perspective

作　　者：贾振江 刘学智[1,2] 李王成 刘巧玲[1] 陈继虹 姚晓翠 徐天渊 JIA Zhenjiang;LIU Xuezhi;LI Wangcheng;LIU Qiaoling;CHEN Jihong;YAO Xiaocui;XU Tianyuan(School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Regions,Ministry of Education,Yinchuan 750021,China;State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China,Yinchuan 750021,China;School of Life Science,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Shaanxi Water Conservancy and Electric Power Survey and Design Research Institute,Xi′an 710001,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,银川750021 [2]旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心,银川750021 [3]省部共建西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室,银川750021 [4]南京林业大学生命科学学院,南京210037 [5]陕西省水利电力勘测设计研究院,西安710001

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第5期2136-2148,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52169010);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900600);宁夏自然科学基金重点项目(2021AAC02008);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设项目(NXYLXK2021A03)。

摘　　要：砾石覆盖在改变旱区水文循环和物质转化方面有着至关重要的作用。然而,长期连作给砂田土壤质量及土地生产力带来危机和不确定性。以连作砂田为研究对象,归纳总结了连作年限对砂层质地结构、土壤物理结构、土壤水盐热效应、土壤养分状况、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物特性、作物生长发育以及产量品质的影响效应和可能机制,发现砂田土壤生态环境和土地生产力在人类活动及自然侵蚀的扰动和破坏下整体呈现退化态势,但对不同覆盖条件、施肥水平和种植结构等农田管理措施的响应过程表现出差异性。继而,基于土壤质量和土地生产力的协同和互作效应深入揭示了砂田性能逐年退化机理,并简述了生物、农业及工程调控措施在砂田退化阻控和修复方面的应用进展。在此基础上,提出了砂田退化进程中急需解决的关键科学问题和未来发展方向,主要包括土壤质量演变的基本过程及其发生机制、“砾石-土壤-微生物-植物”系统的叠加和互作效应及其分子机理、土壤改良与生物防治措施的定量化及其调控机制三个方面。在气候变化、植被演替和土地退化背景下,废弃风化砾石的劣化增肥机制及其环境效应将是今后研究的重点。Gravel mulching,a special insulation,has been regarded as an indigenous agricultural technique in the arid and semi⁃arid areas of northwest China,was used to retain soil moisture and elevate soil temperature by retarding the diffusion of water vapor and energy exchange through mulching on surface soil.Also,gravel have the potential to improve soil nutrient environment through promoting internal deterioration under continuous seasonal freeze⁃thaw drying and wetting effects.However,large portion of the gravel layer is intermixed with varying amounts of soil due to the prolonged tillage,unreasonable irrigation and wind erosion.These changes will result in the destruction of mulch textural composition and an increase in the invalid loss of soil moisture and nutrients.As such,the sustainability of gravel⁃sand mulched field is experiencing a crisis of negative economic returns and energy use.In this study,the effects and possible mechanisms of continuous cropping on gravel layer structure,soil physical structure,soil water⁃salt⁃heat,soil nutrient status,soil enzyme activity,soil microbial characteristics,crop physiological characteristics,yield,and quality were systematically addressed,aiming to provide reference and inspiration for the healthy and sustainable development of gravel⁃sand mulched field as well as ecological environment protection in the arid and semi⁃arid areas of northwest China.We found that the soil ecological environment and land productivity in gravel⁃sand mulched field have generally shown a degradation trend under the disturbance and destruction of human activities and natural erosion,but the responses process to farmland management measures,including different mulch conditions,fertilizer levels,and planting structures have shown differences.Subsequently,the degradation mechanism of continuous cropping gravel⁃sand mulched field was deeply studied based on the synergistic and interactive effects of soil quality and land productivity,and the biological,agricultural,and engineering

关 键 词：砂田 连作 土壤质量 土地生产力 调控 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]