不同填料生物膜对海水养殖尾水的脱氮效能及微生物群落分析  

Analysis of denitrification capacity and microbial community of biofilms with different fillers in mariculture wastewater

作　　者：陈小红[1] 许贻斌[1] 林永青[1] 仇登高[1] 姜双城[1] 郑惠东[1] CHEN Xiaohong;XU Yibin;LIN Yongqing;QIU Denggao;JIANG Shuangcheng;ZHENG Huidong(Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry Technology,Fujian Fishery Research Institute,Xiamen 361013,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省水产研究所,福建省海洋生物增养殖与高值化利用重点实验室,海洋生物种业技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,福建厦门361013

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2024年第1期9-19,共11页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：福建省海洋与渔业结构调整专项(2021HYJG12,2021HYJG08);福建省省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2022R1013005)。

摘　　要：为探究不同填料生物膜对海水养殖尾水氮污染物的处理能力,分别以无填料(C)、牡蛎壳(M)、珊瑚石(S)、弹性填料(T)和悬浮球填料(F)构建5组生物滤池,比较填料生物膜成熟时间、成膜情况及对不同氮污染物的24 h去除能力,同时利用高通量测序技术分析挂膜期间(20、40、60 d)填料生物膜上微生物群落的变化。结果表明:不同填料生物膜成熟时间需要46~50 d,珊瑚石所需时间最短(46 d);扫描电镜显示,弹性填料和悬浮球填料附着生物量最多,以杆状细菌为主;对氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮的24 h去除率最高的填料分别是悬浮球填料(68.66%±6.27%)、珊瑚石(99.99%±0.00%)和悬浮球填料(6.73%±3.41%);高通量测序显示,随着挂膜时间延长,弹性填料生物膜上的细菌丰度显著增加,牡蛎壳和珊瑚石生物膜上的细菌多样性显著下降(P<0.05);在门分类水平上,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)是不同填料生物膜的主要优势菌群,硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)、硝化刺菌门(Nitrospinae)的相对丰度随挂膜时间延长不断升高;在属分类水平上,亚硝酸菌属(Nitrosomonas)、硝化螺菌属(Nitrospira)、硝化刺菌属(Nitrospina)和未分类_亚硝化单胞菌科(unclassified_Nitrosomonadaceae)是填料生物膜上具有硝化作用的优势菌属,这4种硝化菌属在挂膜60 d时的相对丰度总和从高到低依次为悬浮球填料(42.53%)>牡蛎壳(30.50%)、弹性填料(29.30%)>珊瑚石(11.74%),假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、青枯菌属(Ralstonia)、噬几丁质菌属(Chitinophaga)和草螺菌属(Herbaspirillum)等反硝化菌属在珊瑚石填料生物膜上的相对丰度高于其他填料。研究表明,珊瑚石、悬浮球填料能够实现脱氮菌属的高效富集,对海水养殖尾水具有良好的脱氮能力,是较为理想的生物填料。To investigate the nitrogen removal capacity of different filler-biofilms in mariculture tail water,biofilters were constructed by the addition of oyster shells(M),coral stones(S),suspended ball fillers(F),elastic fillers(T),and without any filler as control(C),respectively.The formation speed and the biomass of biofilms as well as the nitrogen removal capacity of the biofilms at 24 hours were compared,while the changes in microbial commu-nity structure of the biofilms on biofilters were analyzed using Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology during biofilms formation period(20th day,40th day,and 60th day).The different filler-biofilms were found to re-quired 46-50 days for mature,with most rapid formation of the coral stone filler biofilm.Scanning electron micros-copy showed that the biofilms on elastic filler and suspended ball filler had more biomasses than the other two fill-ers,largely consisting of rod-shape bacteria.The analysis of nitrogen removal capacity at 24 hours showed that there was the maximal removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen by suspended ball fillers,and that the maximal removal rate of nitrite nitrogen by coral stone,which were(68.66%±6.27%),(6.73%±3.41%),and(99.99%±0.00%),respectively.The analysis of microbial community diversity revealed that the abundance of bacteria on elastic filler biofilms was increased,while the diversity of bacteria on oyster shell and coral stone bio-films was decreased significantly with the prolongation of biofilms formation time(P<0.05).The dominant micro-floras of biofilms with different fillers were shown to be Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes at the phylum level.The relative abundances of Nitrospirae and Nitrospinae were increased with the extension of biofilms formation time.Ni-trosomonas,Nitrospira,Nitrospina and unclassified_Nitrosomonadaceae were the dominant bacteria with nitrification on different filler-biofilms at the genus level.The descending order of relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria at 60th day was described

关 键 词：海水养殖尾水 填料 生物膜 脱氮能力 微生物群落 

分 类 号：S959[农业科学—水产养殖] Q938[农业科学—水产科学]