陶粒材质和粒径对方斑东风螺存活、生长和底质微生物群落的影响  

Effects of substrate material and particle size on survival,growth and microbial community of whelk(Babylonia areolata)

作　　者：黄瑞频 张磊[1,2] 张伟霄 刘洺源 隋长润 王宝龙 刘鹰 张倩 HUANG Ruipin;ZHANG Lei;ZHANG Weixiao;LIU Mingyuan;SUI Changrun;WANG Baolong;LIU Ying;ZHANG Qian(Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture(Dalian Ocean University),Ministry of Education,Dalian 116023,China;College of Marine Science and Environment,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;College of Life Science,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116081,China;College of Biological Systems Engineering and Food Science,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]设施渔业教育部重点实验室(大连海洋大学),辽宁大连116023 [2]大连海洋大学海洋科技与环境学院,辽宁大连116023 [3]辽宁师范大学生命科学学院,辽宁大连116081 [4]浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2024年第1期57-65,共9页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-49);辽宁省教育厅基础科学研究项目(LJKMZ20221107);辽宁省高水平创新团队境外培养项目(201818);辽宁省科技计划联合基金(2023-MSLH-007)。

摘　　要：为了探索方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata)室外水泥池养殖适宜的底质,采用海砂(SS)、细陶粒(FC)、粗陶粒(CC)和海砂+粗陶粒混合(SS+CC)4种底质进行对比试验,分析了不同陶粒材质和粒径大小对体质量为(4.692±1.033)g的方斑东风螺存活与生长、养殖水质及底质微生物群落的影响。结果表明:4种底质条件下方斑东风螺的存活率均大于90%且无显著性差异(P>0.05);FC组体质量特定生长率最高,为(1.3864±0.2196)%/d,显著高于CC、SS、SS+CC组(P<0.05);不同底质的微生物群落结构组成不同,SS组的微生物群落丰富度和多样性最低,FC组的丰富度和多样性均较高;FC组底质微生物中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)相对丰度较高;FC、SS+CC组中弧菌(Vibrio)相对丰度较低,微小杆菌(Exiguobacterium)和盐单胞菌(Halomonas)相对丰度较高,表明细陶粒对抵抗病原弧菌、防止水质恶化具有积极作用;微生物功能预测显示,FC组中微生物不同物质代谢相关通路的相对丰度增加;水质分析显示,24 h内CC和FC组的NH_(4)^(+)-N质量浓度均显著低于SS、SS+CC组(P<0.05),FC组NO_(2)^(-)-N质量浓度显著低于CC组(P<0.05)。研究表明,底质材质对方斑东风螺生长和底质微生物群落结构组成有显著影响,选用细陶粒作为方斑东风螺室外养殖池底质材料,能促进其体质量增长,抑制病原微生物生长,并对养殖池水质具有一定的净化作用。To explore the appropriate substrate for outdoor cement pond cultivation of whelk(Babylonia areolata),the whelk with body weight of(4.692±1.033)g were reared in a rectangular culture pond of 3.6 m in length×1.4 m in width×1.0 m in height with 12 cm-high plastic screw frame covered with a 245μm sieve silk mesh at bot-tom of the pond at stocking density of 480 individuals/m3 at water temperature of(30.2±2.7)℃.Sea sand(group SS),fine ceramsite with particle size of 1.0-2.0 mm(group FC),coarse ceramsite with particle size of 2.0-4.0 mm(group CC)and sea sand(50%)+coarse ceramsite(50%)mixture(group SS+CC)were disposed on the 245μm sieve silk mesh at a thickness of 5 cm in the test ponds to investigate effects of substrate material and particle size on the survival and growth of B.areolata,water quality and substrate microbial community.The results showed that there was over 90%of survival rate in B.areolata under the four sediment conditions,without signifi-cant difference among groups(P>0.05).The maximal specific weight growth rate was observed in group FC(1.3864%/d±0.2196%/d),significantly higher than that in groups CC,SS and SS+CC(P<0.05).The structure and composition of microbial community were varied with different substrates,with the minimal richness and diversity in group SS,and higher richness and diversity in group FC.There were higher relative abundances of Proteobacteria,Planctomycetes,Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteriota in group FC at phylum level,with lower relative abundance of Vibrio and higher relative abundance of Exiguobacterium and Halomonas in both group FC and group SS+CC.The fine ceramsite had positive effect on resisting pathogenic Vibrio and preventing water quality deteriora-tion.The results of microbial function prediction indicated an increase in relative abundance of pathways associated with various microbial substance metabolisms in the group FC.Also,the substrate led to affect the water quality during aquaculture,with lower concentration of NH_(4)^(+)-N in group CC and group FC than

关 键 词：方斑东风螺 底质 陶粒 存活 生长 微生物群落 

分 类 号：S966.28[农业科学—水产养殖]