紫花苜蓿/饲用玉米/高丹草彼此间的化感效应  

Study on allelopathic effects of alfalfa/forage maize/sorghum-sudangrass hybrid

作　　者：刘旵旵 师尚礼[1] 何龙 王文娟 武蓓 LIU Chanchan;SHI Shangli;HE Long;WANG Wenjuan;WU Bei(College of Prataculture,Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Ecosystems,Ministry of Education/Center for Sustainable Development of Grassland Animal Husbandry,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第2期394-403,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家牧草产业体系(CARS-34)。

摘　　要：以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、饲用玉米(Zea mays)、高丹草(Sorghum bicolor×S. sudanense)互为受体材料,在不同浓度(0、12.5、25、50、100、150、200 mg·mL^(-1))植株水浸提液处理下,测定种子发芽及幼苗生长的相关指标,旨在探究三者间的化感效应关系,为轮作、混播或间、套作生产提供参考依据。结果表明,3种作物相互间均具有化感效应,其效应因受体植物种类、受体器官、组织浸提液浓度的不同而存在差异。在供试浓度范围内,饲用玉米水浸提液浓度25、50 mg·mL^(-1)分别是促进紫花苜蓿、高丹草生长的最佳浓度,且均对种子活力的促进效果最佳,综合化感效应指数(SE)分别为0.074、0.092;紫花苜蓿水浸提液浓度50 mg·mL^(-1)是促进饲用玉米生长的最佳浓度(SE=0.027),且对胚根生长的促进效果最佳,紫花苜蓿水浸提液对高丹草均为抑制效应(SE <0);高丹草水浸提液各浓度对紫花苜蓿、饲用玉米均为抑制效应(SE <0)。综上,紫花苜蓿宜与饲用玉米,不宜与高丹草轮、套作或混播;饲用玉米可作为高丹草的前茬作物,不宜作为后茬;以饲用玉米作为主要收获对象时,也不宜进行套作或混播。In this experiment,alfalfa(Medicago sativa),forage maize(Zea mays),and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid(Sorghum bicolor×S.sudanense)were used as receptor plants,and plant germination and seedling growth were measured at different concentrations(0,12.5,25,50,100,150,200 mg·mL^(-1)).The aim was to investigate the relationship between the three crops and their allelopathic effects,and to provide a reference for crop rotation,mixed cropping or intercropping production.The results showed that all three crops had allelopathic effects on each other,and the effects differed significantly depending on the receptor plant species,receptor organ and tissue extract concentration.In the range of concentrations tested,25 and 50 mg·mL^(-1) of forage maize aqueous extracts were the best concentrations to promote the growth of alfalfa and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid,respectively,and both had the best effect on seed vigor,with a synthetical effect(SE)of 0.074 and 0.092,respectively.A concentration of 50 mg·mL^(-1) of alfalfa aqueous extract was the best concentration to promote the growth of forage maize(SE=0.027),and the best effect to promote radicle growth;all concentrations of alfalfa aqueous extracts were inhibitory to sorghum-sudangrass hybrid(SE<0),All concentrations of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid aqueous extracts were inhibitory to alfalfa and forage maize(SE<0).In conclusion,alfalfa should be rotated,set or mixed with forage maize and not with sorghum-sudangrass hybrid,and forage maize can be used as the front crop of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid,but not as the back crop.In addition,when forage maize is the main harvesting object,set or mixed sowing is not suitable.

关 键 词：水浸提液 种子萌发 幼苗生长 轮作 间作 化感效应 饲草 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]