色林错裸鲤染色体组构成及倍性分析  

Karyotype and Ploidy Analysis of Gymnocypris selincuoensis

作　　者：李信 马可馨 郭文轩 李逸帆 杨悦瑶 周子昱 刘海平 肖世俊 周贺 LI Xin;MA Kexin;GUO Wenxuan;LI Yifan;YANG Yueyao;ZHOU Ziyu;LIU Haiping;XIAO Shijun;ZHOU He(College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;Institute of Fisheries Science,Xizang Autonomous Region Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850000,China;Jiaxing Key Laboratory for New Germplasm Breeding of Economic Mycology,Jiaxing 314000,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]西藏自治区农牧科学院水产科学研究所,西藏拉萨850000 [3]嘉兴市经济菌物新种质资源创制重点实验室,浙江嘉兴314000

出　　处：《水产科学》2024年第2期297-303,共7页Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(32072980)。

摘　　要：西藏地区严酷的高原环境孕育出了独特而丰富的生物资源,其中裂腹鱼亚科鱼类其各属种间不同类群的染色体表现出多样性特征。以体质量246.0~374.2 g的雄性色林错裸鲤肾脏组织细胞为材料,采用常规冷滴片法制备染色体标本,通过吉姆萨染色,确定其染色体数目、核型;通过银染显带(Ag-NORs)技术及荧光染料色霉素A(CMA3)和4,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)双重荧光染色技术,推测其带型及倍性。结果表明:色林错裸鲤染色体数目为4n=88,核型公式为40m+20sm+28st/t,NF=148。通过Ag-NORs染色观察,色林错裸鲤间期核最高银染点数为4个,有丝分裂中期染色体分裂相银染点数最高为4个,且信号点2强2弱,位于第2组亚中部着丝粒染色体(sm2)短臂上,为端部Ag-NORs。经CMA3/DAPI双重荧光染色,有丝分裂中期分裂相显示有4个CMA3阳性部位,且信号点2强2弱,位于第2组亚中部着丝粒染色体(sm2)短臂的端部区域。因此,推测色林错裸鲤是含有4套染色体组的遗传四倍体。本研究结果补充了色林错裸鲤细胞遗传学方面研究的空白,可为物种间亲缘关系的研究提供重要依据,并为后续开展裂腹鱼亚科鱼类分类和进化地位相关研究提供参考。Harsh plateau environment in Tibetan Plateau has unique and rich biological resources.The chromosomes in different groups and genera in the subfamily Schizothoracinae showed diverse characteristics.The chromosome samples were prepared from renal tissue cells of Gymnocypris selincuoensis with body weight of 246.0—374.2 g by the conventional cold drop method.Giemsa staining analysis was used to determine the chromosome number and karyotype.The band type and ploidy were speculated through Ag-NORs and Chromomycin A3/4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole double fluorescent staining technology.It was found that the karyotype formula of G.selincuoensis was 4n=88,40m+20sm+28st/t,NF=148.In interphase nucleoli,the maximal frequency of Ag-NORs sites was 4.In each metaphase karyotype,both Ag-NORs sites and CMA3-positive sites were shown to be 4 on the short arms of submetacentric chromosomes.In conclusion,different G.selincuoensis samples had identical chromosome numbers.G.selincuoensis is a genetic tetraploid with four sets of chromosomes.The finding provides an important basis for studying genetic relationships among species and reference for the subsequent research on the classification and evolutionary status of the subfamily Schizothoracinae.

关 键 词：色林错裸鲤 核型分析 AG-NORS CMA3/DAPI 倍性分析 

分 类 号：Q813.4[生物学—生物工程]