氮磷钾用量和配比对“黔藿1号”种子产量及质量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus,and Potassium Dosage and Ratio on Seed Yield and Quality of"Qianhuo No.1"

作　　者：熊毅 刘红昌[1,2] 汪永平 潘发光 XIONG Yi;LIU Hong-chang;WANG Yong-ping;PAN Fa-guang(Agricultural College/Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Breeding and Planting in Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Guiji Biomedical Limited Company,Congjiang 557400,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省药用植物繁育与种植重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州贵基生物医药有限公司,贵州从江557400

出　　处：《山东农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期9-15,共7页Journal of Shandong Agricultural University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：贵州特色药用植物种苗繁育工程技术研究中心(黔科合平台人才[2020]2101号);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合成果[2023]一般030)。

摘　　要：探讨配方施肥对“黔藿1号”种子产量和质量的影响,筛选适宜种子生产的最佳肥料配比,为“黔藿1号”种子生产的合理施肥提供参考依据。以“黔藿1号”两年生植株为试验材料,采用“3414”施肥试验设计,设置氮、磷、钾3因素,每个因素4水平,测定不同施肥处理对“黔藿1号”种子产量和质量的影响。结果表明:(1)N_(2)P_(2)K_(1)处理种子产量最高,N_(3)P_(2)K_(2)处理千粒重最高,N_(2)P_(2)K_(1)处理种子活力最高,N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)处理可溶性糖含量最高,N_(2)P_(1)K_(2)处理淀粉含量最高,N_(2)P_(3)K_(2)处理蛋白质含量最高,N_(1)P_(2)K_(1)处理含水量最高,较对照分别增加了86.81%、19.65%、12.87%、213.87%、29.93%、210.71%、20%,均差异显著。(2)结合隶属函数综合分析和肥料效应函数拟合得出,在处理N_(2)P_(2)K_(1)下,即氮磷钾施肥量分别为180 kg·hm^(-2)、270 kg·hm^(-2)和225 kg·hm^(-2),氮磷钾肥料配比为1∶1.5∶1.25时,“黔藿1号”种子可获得最高产量和最优质量。综上得出:在贵州省从江县生产区域“黔藿1号”种子最优氮磷钾肥施用量为180 kg·hm^(-2)、270 kg·hm^(-2)、225 kg·hm^(-2),氮磷钾肥料配比为1∶1.5∶1.25。We studied the effects of formula fertilization on seed yield and quality of"Qianhuo No.1",and screened the best fertilizer ratio suitable for seed production,so as to provide a reference for rational fertilization of"Qianhuo No.1"seed production.The biennial plants of"Qianhuo No.1"were used as experimental materials,"3414"fertilization experiment design was used to determine the effects of different fertilization treatments on seed yield and quality of"Qianhuo No.1"by setting 3 factors of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,and 4 levels of each factor.The results showed that:(1)N_(2)P_(2)K_(1)treatment had the highest seed yield,N_(3)P_(2)K_(2)treatment had the highest thousand grain weight,N_(2)P_(2)K_(1)treatment had the highest seed vigour,N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)treatment had the highest soluble sugar content,N_(2)P_(1)K_(2)treatment had the highest starch content,N_(2)P_(3)K_(2)treatment had the highest protein content and N_(1)P_(2)K_(1)treatment had the highest water content,which increased by 86.81%,19.65%,12.87%,213.87%,29.93%,210.71%and 20%,respectively,over the control,all of which were significantly different.(2)Combined with the comprehensive analysis of membership function and the fitting of fertilizer effect function,it was concluded that under the treatment of N_(2)P_(2)K_(1),the amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was 180 kg·hm^(-2),270 kg·hm^(-2)and 225 kg·hm^(-2),respectively,and the ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was 1:1.5:1.25,the seeds of"Qianhuo No.1"could obtain the highest yield and the best quality.In conclusion,the optimal application amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for the seeds of"Qianhuo No.1"in the production area of Congjiang County,Guizhou Province is 180 kg·hm^(-2),270 kg·hm^(-2),225 kg·hm^(-2),and the ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is 1:1.5:1.25.

关 键 词：黔藿1号 氮磷钾肥 种子 产量 质量 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]