基于卫星遥感的铁路灾害监测与评估应用研究  

Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Railway Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation

作　　者：吴玮 王汇 苏伟 刘慧 WU Wei;WANG Hui;SU Wei;LIU Hui(National Disaster Reduction Center of China,Ministry of Emergency Management,Beijing 100124,China;School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]应急管理部国家减灾中心,北京100124 [2]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [3]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,北京100091

出　　处：《航天返回与遥感》2024年第1期1-14,共14页Spacecraft Recovery & Remote Sensing

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3903405)。

摘　　要：利用卫星遥感技术开展铁路灾害监测与评估,对于保障铁路建设和运行安全、提升铁路防灾减灾救灾能力具有重要意义。通过分析当前铁路灾害卫星遥感应用存在的问题,结合中国卫星遥感发展和新时代应急管理工作实际,探讨了卫星遥感技术在铁路减灾、备灾、应急和恢复重建等灾害管理全过程中的实践应用需求。针对影响铁路安全的主要灾害,分析总结了卫星遥感监测与评估技术在铁路应急管理中的应用方法和应用能力。针对洪涝、地质、森林火灾和雪灾等典型灾害实例,建立卫星遥感监测评估铁路灾害的技术流程,进一步分析卫星遥感对于铁路灾害应急管理的作用效果。结果表明:卫星遥感技术能够实现铁路主要灾害的灾前风险监测和灾后损失评估,可有效支撑铁路的全过程灾害管理。通过多手段的融合运用和动态监测能提升遥感信息的决策支持作用,使其在铁路灾害的应急管理中有着广阔的应用前景。Railway disaster monitoring and evaluation by using satellite remote sensing technology is of great significance for ensuring the safety of railway construction and operation,and enhancing railway disaster prevention,reduction,and relief capabilities.Analyzing the current problems in the application of satellite remote sensing for railway disasters,combined with the development of satellite remote sensing in China and the actual emergency management work in the new era,this paper explores the practical application requirements of satellite remote sensing technology in the entire process of railway disaster management,including disaster reduction,preparedness,emergency response,and recovery and reconstruction.Aiming at the main disasters affecting railway safety,the application methods and capabilities of satellite remote sensing monitoring and evaluation technology in railway emergency management are analyzed.With regard to typical examples of disasters such as floods,geology,forest fires and snowstorms,technical processes for monitoring and assessing railway disasters by satellite remote sensing have been established,and the effects of satellite remote sensing on railway disaster emergency management have been further analyzed.The results show that satellite remote sensing technology can realize pre-disaster risk monitoring and post-disaster loss evaluation of major railway disasters,and can effectively support the whole process of railway disaster management.The integrated application of multiple means and dynamic monitoring can improve the decision support effect of remote sensing information,which has a broad application prospect in the emergency management of railway disasters.

关 键 词：铁路 卫星遥感 自然灾害 灾害监测 灾害评估 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] P954[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程] U216.41[天文地球—自然地理学]