西甜瓜田间萎蔫发生原因与防治措施  

Causes and Control Measures of Field Wilting of Watermelon and Melon

作　　者：许丁帆 王宁 杨加朋 张振超[1] 孙国胜[1] 马志虎[1] XU Dingfan;WANG Ning;YANG Jiapeng;ZHANG Zhenchao;SUN Guosheng;MA Zhihu(Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Hilly Area of Jiangsu Province,Jurong 212400,China;Zhenjiang Qujia Agricultural Ecological Development Limited Company,Dantu 212126,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所,江苏句容212400 [2]镇江曲家农业生态发展有限公司,江苏丹徒212126

出　　处：《蔬菜》2024年第3期52-59,共8页Vegetables

基　　金：江苏省种业振兴“揭榜挂帅”项目(JBGS[2021]075);江苏省亚夫科技服务项目(KF(22)2011);扬中市科技三项费用专项资金(农业)项目(YN202108)。

摘　　要：目前西甜瓜田间萎蔫现象发生严重,而西瓜甜瓜萎蔫原因复杂,主要由生理性和病虫害等因素引起。为缓解生产中西甜瓜田间萎蔫现象的发生,从生理性急性萎蔫、真菌性萎蔫、细菌性萎蔫、根结线虫、地下害虫5个方面综述了西甜瓜田间萎蔫的原因及发生规律,并提出选育和推广抗性品种、科学管理土壤、科学繁育种苗、加强田间管理、加强植物检疫和提高田间诊断能力5大防治措施。未来,要做好西甜瓜品种、栽培、植保3者的协调工作,应加强西甜瓜抗性种质资源的收集与创新,充分挖掘并利用好西甜瓜野生资源,从中挖掘抗性基因,从而通过基因工程选育多抗品种;应推广嫁接栽培,将高抗多种病虫害和对果实品质无不良影响的西甜瓜嫁接砧木作为未来嫁接繁殖工作的核心;还应加快建立病原菌快速检测技术体系,研制病菌检测和病虫害快速诊断试剂盒等快速检测手段,提高西甜瓜田间病原菌精准诊断水平。At present,the field wilting phenomenon of watermelon and melon is serious.The reasons of wilting of watermelon and melon are complicated,mainly caused by physiological factors and diseases and pests.In order to alleviate the field wilting of watermelon and melon during production,the causes and occurrence rules of field wilting of watermelon and melon were summarized from five aspects of physical acute wilting,fungal wilting,bacterial wilting,root-knot nematode and underground pests.Then,five control measures were put forward,including breeding and spreading resistant varieties,managing soil scientifically,breeding seedlings scientifically,strengthening field management,strengthening plant quarantine and improving field diagnosis ability.In the future,it is necessary to coordinate the varieties,cultivation and plant protection of watermelon and melon.The collection and innovation of resistance germplasm resources in watermelon and melon will be strengthened to breed multi resistant varieties by fully taping and utilizing wild watermelon and melon resources and extracting resistance genes from them through genetic engineering.Promoting grafting cultivations which take the grafting rootstocks for watermelon and melon that are highly resistant to various diseases and pests and have no adverse effects on fruit quality as the core of future grafting and reproduction work.The establishment of a rapid detection technology system for pathogens will be accelerated to reserch on rapid detection methods such as pathogen detection,disease and pests rapid diagnosis kits,which can improve the accuracy of pathogen diagnosis of watermelon in the field.

关 键 词：西瓜 甜瓜 萎蔫 原因 发生规律 防治措施 

分 类 号：S436.5[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]