一种光学短弧初轨确定的轨道偏心率判定方法  

A Method to Determine Orbit Eccentricity Determined from Short-arc Angles-only Initial Orbit Determination

作　　者：张郑元 李彬[1,2] 赵广宇 曾春平 叶钊 桑吉章[1,2] ZHANG Zheng-yuan;LI Bin;ZHAO Guang-yu;ZENG Chun-ping;YE Zhao;SANG Ji-zhang(School of Geodesy and Geomatics,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China;Hubei Luojia Laboratory,Wuhan 430079,China;DFH Satellite Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100094,China;Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学测绘学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]湖北珞珈实验室,湖北武汉430079 [3]航天东方红卫星有限公司,北京100094 [4]中国科学院空天信息创新研究院,北京100094

出　　处：《空间碎片研究》2023年第4期46-55,共10页Space Debris Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12103035);中央高校基金本科研业务费专项基金资助(2042023gf0007)。

摘　　要：超90%的近地空间目标在近圆轨道上,其余为椭圆轨道。近圆轨道的初轨确定已有许多针对性方法,这些方法在应用于大偏心率光学短弧初轨确定时,往往出现无解或错误解的问题。而无论近圆或椭圆轨道,距离搜索法和Gooding方法都可以产生一个待选解集合。分析表明,对于近圆和椭圆轨道,待选解的半长轴和偏心率的二维分布显著不同。根据这一特征,本文提出了一种针对光学短弧初轨确定的初始轨道偏心率判定方法。实验结果表明,该方法可以准确判定轨道类型为近圆或椭圆,并能估计较精确的偏心率范围,可基本解决了距离搜索法和Gooding方法等在应用于大偏心率轨道无解或错解问题,显著增加了距离搜索法和Gooding方法等初轨确定方法的轨道普适性。Over 90%of near-Earth resident space objects are on near-circular orbits,others are on elliptical orbits.There are a number of initial orbit determination(IOD)methods designed for near-circular orbits.However,when these methods are applied to high eccentricity orbits,the problem of no solution or inaccurate solution will occur often.On the other hand,applying the range search method or the Gooding method to short-arc angular data will yield a set of IOD solutions.Notably,the semi-major axis(SMA)and eccentricity distributions of such IOD solutions are significantly different for the near-circular and elliptical orbits.Thus,we propose a novel method for determining the orbital eccentricity estimated from short-arc angular data.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed meth od can accurately discern whether the orbit is a near-circular or an elliptical one,while also provides a more precise estimate of the eccentricity.Importantly,this method effectively addresses the issue of no solution or inaccurate solution encountered by the range search method and the Gooding method when applied to high elliptical orbits.Consequently,it enhances the applicability of these IOD methods.

关 键 词：光学测轨 短弧初轨确定 偏心率判定 距离搜索法 Gooding方法 

分 类 号：V528[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]