制造业企业数字能力指数的构建与测算——来自中国制造业上市公司的经验证据  

Constructing and Measuring the Digital Capability Index of Manufacturing Enterprises——Empirical Evidence from Listed Manufacturing Companies in China

作　　者：王招治 林寿富[1] 薛见寒[1,2] WANG Zhao-zhi;LIN Shou-fu;XUE Jian-han(School of Economics,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou Fujian 350007,China;Concord University College Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou Fujian 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学经济学院,福州350007 [2]福建师范大学协和学院,福州350117

出　　处：《湖北经济学院学报》2024年第1期5-16,126,共13页Journal of Hubei University of Economics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“企业价值提升的机理与路径研究:数字能力与二元模式创新的视角”(22YJC630151);福建省自然科学基金面上项目“福建省制造业企业技术创新有效度评价及政策优化研究”(2021J01175);福建省省直单位教育和科研专项项目“‘双碳’目标下制造业绿色转型升级研究”(闽财指[2022]639号);福建师范大学协和学院科研创新团队建设计划(2021-TD-004)。

摘　　要：对制造业企业数字能力进行重新界定,并以此为基础构建包括4个一级指标、8个二级指标及20个三级指标的制造业企业数字能力指数评价指标体系,以主客观综合赋权法形成数字能力指数测算模型。并以沪深两市2012-2021年制造业上市公司为研究样本进行指数测算,从总体、区域、行业和所有制四个维度分析中国制造业企业数字能力的演变特征。研究结论如下:(1)企业数字能力指数包含数字支撑能力、数字应用能力、数字赋能能力和数字创新能力四个维度。从指标赋权来看,四个维度中数字支撑能力权重占比最大,数字创新能力权重占比最小。(2)数字能力指数强调主客观综合赋权法,被用于指导和测算制造业企业数字能力,评估企业在数字化转型方面的程度和水平,了解企业在智能制造方面的潜力,提升生产效率,帮助制造业企业识别能力短板,更好地培育与提升数字能力。(3)制造业企业数字能力指数呈现整体偏低、从东南沿海向西部内陆逐渐降低、高科技制造业行业数字能力指数较高、民营制造业企业数字能力指数较高等异质性。This article redefines the digital capabilities of manufacturing enterprises,and constructs a manufacturing enterprise digital capability index evaluation index system,including 4 first-level indicators,8 second-level indicators,and 20 third-level indica⁃tors.Based on this,a comprehensive subjective and objective weighting method is used to form a digital capability index calculation model.Finally,the index calculation is carried out using the listed manufacturing companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2017 to 2021 as the research sample,analyzing the evolution characteristics of China's manufacturing enterprise digital capabilities from the four dimensions of overall,regional,industry,and ownership.The research conclusions are as follows:First,the enterprise digital capa⁃bility index is a comprehensive index consisting of four dimensions:digital support capability,digital application capability,digital em⁃powerment capability,and digital innovation capability.In terms of index weighting,the weight of digital support capability is the high⁃est,while the weight of digital innovation capability is the lowest.Second,the digital capability index emphasizes the comprehensive subjective and objective weighting method and can be used to guide and measure the digital capabilities of manufacturing enterprises,helping them to identify their weaknesses and better cultivate and improve their digital capabilities.Third,the results of the digital ca⁃pability index calculation for the listed manufacturing companies in China show that China's manufacturing enterprise digital capabili⁃ties are generally low,gradually decreasing from the southeast coast to the western inland,with higher digital capability indexes in high-tech manufacturing industries and state-owned enterprises.

关 键 词：制造业企业 数字能力指数 数字支撑能力 数字应用能力 数字赋能能力 数字创新能力 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济]