高寒草地植物和土壤线虫群落对模拟放牧的响应  

Responses of alpine grassland plant and soil nematode communities to simulated grazing

作　　者：杨玉青 刘艳方 熊有才 李文龙[2] 胡华伟 白丽丽 王文颖 YANG Yu-qing;LIU Yan-fang;XIONG You-cai;LI Wen-long;HU Hua-wei;BAI Li-li;WANG Wen-ying(College of Life Science,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China;College of Ecology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学生命科学学院,西宁810008 [2]兰州大学生态学院,兰州730000 [3]青海师范大学、青藏高原生物多样性形成机制与综合利用省级重点实验室,西宁810008

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期68-75,共8页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0302);青海省中央引导地方科技发展专项资金(2021ZY002);中央林草生态保护恢复资金自然资源调查监测项目(QHXH-2021-017);三江源国家公园联合基金项目(LHZX-2020-08)。

摘　　要：以青海海北高寒草地为研究对象,进行连续8 a的模拟放牧和围栏封育野外试验,研究模拟放牧和围栏封育对高寒草地地上植物群落和地下土壤线虫群落组成、物种多样性及其营养类群的影响,揭示植物群落结构与土壤线虫之间的相关性.结果表明,与围栏封育相比较,模拟放牧使植物群落物种丰富度、物种多样性指数升高,禾草类重要值显著下降而杂类草重要值显著上升.模拟放牧会显著降低食细菌线虫和杂食-捕食线虫的密度,对植物寄生线虫和食真菌线虫密度没有显著影响.总体上模拟放牧会显著降低土壤0~10 cm表层线虫群落组成和数量,但对线虫优势属没有产生影响.模拟放牧管理措施通过影响植物群落间接影响土壤线虫群落多样性,对土壤线虫与植物群落的相关关系产生一定的影响.Qinghai Haibei alpine grassland was taken as the research object,and field experiments were conducted of simulated grazing and enclosure for 8 consecutive years to study the effects of simulated grazing and enclosure on the composition and species diversity of plant communities and soil nematodes,and its effects on trophic taxa in alpine grasslands.The correlation between plant community structure and soil nematodes was revealed.The results showed that,compared with enclosure,simulated grazing increased the species richness and diversity index of plant communities,the important value of grasses decreased significantly and that of weeds increased significantly.Simulated grazing would significantly decrease bacterial-feeding and omnivorous-predatory nematode densities,but had no significant effect on plant-parasitic and fungal-feeding nematode densities.It significantly reduced the composition and number of nematode communities in the 0-10 cm soil surface layer,but had no effect on the dominant genus.Management of simulated grazing could indirectly affect soil nematode community diversity by affecting plant communities,and also have a certain impact on the correlation between soil nematodes and plant communities.

关 键 词：放牧干扰 植物群落 土壤理化性质 土壤线虫 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]