桥墩被动防船撞设施发展评述  

Development Review on Passive Anti-collision Device for Bridge Pier against Vessel Collision

作　　者：王凯 李茜[2] 宋彦臣 吕奖国 WANG Kai;LI Qian;SONG Yan-chen;LÜJiang-guo(Anhui Transportation Holding Group Co.,Ltd.,Hefei Anhui 230088,China;Research Institute of Highway,Ministry of Transport,Beijing 100088,China;Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省交通控股集团有限公司,安徽合肥230088 [2]交通运输部公路科学研究院,北京100088 [3]北京工业大学,北京100124

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2024年第1期116-125,共10页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

摘　　要：桥梁被动防船撞装置通过缓冲和吸收撞击能量,是保障桥梁在船舶撞击下结构安全的重要措施之一。由于各类防船撞设施的结构差异较大,其防护、维护等功能需求以及对航道环境的影响都存在较大差异。为此,首先梳理了被动防船撞装置的分类方法,针对钢浮箱、复合材料浮箱、钢围堰、普通橡胶护舷等各类防船撞装置的防护性能与研究应用现状进行了分析。结合对国内外35座特大桥梁开展的防撞措施应用状况调查,总结归纳了各类防船撞装置的特点与适用场合,梳理了当前各类防撞装置面临的技术问题。最后,针对未来被动防船撞设施的发展提出了钛钢复合板材和FRP复合钢板等高性能复合金属材料应用、GFRP部件连接新工艺与新形式研发、拦截索网自适应技术及其恒定阻力装置研发等有待进一步研究的问题和展望。调研与分析结果表明:通航孔桥墩以采用直接型防撞装置为主,对于非通航孔桥墩则采用间接型防撞装置,独立防撞钢管桩适用于内河航道非通航孔桥且水中桥墩较少的情形,人工岛目前应用较少。未来被动防船撞措施在强耐久性、高耗能以及受力稳定性方面,仍需进一步深入研究和改进,以提高桥梁被动防船撞措施的防护性能。The passive anti-collision protection devices play important roles in ensuring the structural safety of bridges in the event of a ship collision by slowing down and absorbing the impact energy.Due to the considerable difference of structural configurations among the various types of anti-collision devices,the corresponding functional requirements such as protection effects and maintenance,as well as the patient impacts on the waterway environment,differ greatly.The operational classification method of the passive anticollision device is concluded,and the corresponding protection effects and the research status are analyzed.Combined with a survey of the application of anti-collision devices used on 35 bridges,the applicable situation and its features of each device such as steel buoyancy tanks,composite buoyancy tanks,steel cofferdams and ordinary rubber fenders are summarized,and the technical difficulties of each kind of device are analyzed.Finally,in view of the urgent problems of passive anti-collision device,some topics to be further studied are proposed,including the research and application of high-performance composite metal materials,new forms of GFRP component connection,adaptive technology of interception cable net and constant resistance device.The research and analysis results indicate that direct anti-collision protection devices are mainly used for the pier of navigable span,while indirect anti-devices are used for the pier of non-navigable span.Besides,independent anti-collision steel piles are suitable for the pier of non-navigable span in inland waterways with few underwater piers,while artificial islands are currently less commonly used.In the future,further research and improvement are needed in terms of strong durability,robust energy absorption and stability to enhance the protective performance of passive anti-collision protection measures for bridges.

关 键 词：桥梁工程 被动防撞设施 应用调查 适用性 船-桥碰撞 展望 

分 类 号：U443.26[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]