沿海滩涂地区不同措施坡面产流特性研究  

Research on the Characteristics of Slope Runoff Generation under Different Control Measures in Coastal Tidal Flat Area

作　　者：潘逸卉 张华 陈凤 韩大山 陈少颖 李帆 PAN Yi-hui;ZHANG Hua;CHEN Feng;HAN Da-shan;CHEN Shao-ying;LI Fan(Jiangsu Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210017,Jiangsu Province,China;College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,Jiangsu Province,China;Hohai University Design and Research Institute Co.Ltd.,Nanjing 210024,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省水利科学研究院,江苏南京210017 [2]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,江苏南京211100 [3]河海大学设计研究院有限公司,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2024年第3期105-109,共5页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：江苏省水利科技项目(2020052,2021033)。

摘　　要：我国沿海地区海涂资源丰富,但由于沿海降雨较多且海涂坡面土质松散,坡面极易产生降雨径流侵蚀,这导致海涂沟渠等工程坡面水土流失严重、淋洗困难。通过室内模拟降雨试验,研究在不同雨强下不同措施坡面的产流特性。结果表明:(1)不同措施坡面的初始产流时间均与降雨强度显著负相关,在50 mm/h雨强下,延缓坡面产流的效果依次为淋洗坑>淋洗沟>耐盐草被覆盖,在100、150 mm/h雨强下,延缓坡面产流的效果依次为淋洗沟>淋洗坑>耐盐草被覆盖。(2)不同措施坡面的产流过程具有同步性,在未发生坍塌时产流强度随细沟的发育而增加,待细沟发育成熟后产流趋于稳定,当坡面发生坍塌时产流强度短时间内激增后回落。试验对比发现,耐盐草被覆盖可以明显改善海涂坡面的稳定性。The coastal areas of China are rich in coastal resources.However,due to heavy rainfall in the coastal areas and loose soil on the coaster slope,the slope is prone to produce rainfall runoff erosion,which leads to serious soil erosion and drenching difficulties on the slope of coastal engineering.Rainfall experiments are simulated indoors to study the characteristics of the generated slope runoffs when rainfall intensities are changing with different water and soil conservation measures.Results show that:①The amount of time for the initial runoffs to be generated on slopes with various measures is negatively correlated with rainfall intensity.When the rainfall intensity is 50 mm/h,the effectiveness of the measures to delay generating runoffs on the slope surface is in the order of leaching pit>leaching ditch>salt-tolerant grasses cover.When the rainfall intensities are 100 and 150 mm/h,the effectiveness to delay generating runoffs on the slope surface is in the order of leaching ditch>leaching pit>salt-tolerant grasses cover.②The process of producing the runoffs on slopes with different measures is synchronous.Before the slope collapse,the intensity of the runoffs increases with the development of rills and tends to stabilize when the rills become mature.When the slope collapses,the intensity of runoffs increases sharply in a short period of time before decreasing.When the experimental results are compared,it is evident that the stability of the coastal slopes can be improved by covering with salt-tolerant grasses.

关 键 词：海涂坡面 淋洗沟 淋洗坑 耐盐草被覆盖 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]