城市不同下垫面降雨径流水质监测及特征研究  

Monitoring Experiment and Characteristics Analysis of Rainfall-runoff-water Quality of Different Urban Underlying Surfaces

作　　者：郭心仪 张守红[4,5,6] 王国庆 GUO Xin-yi;ZHANG Shou-hong;WANG Guo-qing(The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,Jiangsu Province,China;Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development,Nanjing 210098,Jiangsu Province,China;Cooperative Innovation Center for Water Safety and Hydro Science,Nanjing 210029,Jiangsu Province,China;School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research in Jixian,Linfen 042200,Shanxi Province,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院水灾害防御全国重点实验室,江苏南京210029 [2]长江保护与绿色发展研究院,江苏南京210098 [3]水安全与水科学协同创新中心,江苏南京210029 [4]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [5]吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,山西临汾042200 [6]北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2024年第3期128-136,共9页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3201100);国家自然科学基金项目(U2243228,52121006,52079026)。

摘　　要：城市面源污染是仅次于农业面源污染的第二大非点源污染,也是影响城市水生态系统健康的重要原因。随着城市化的快速发展,下垫面改变导致城市河流洪峰增大,河流污染加剧。基于沥青屋面、砖砌路面、油毡屋面和绿地四种典型城市下垫面的5场降雨径流监测试验资料,分析了不同下垫面条件下的降雨径流污染水平、径流水质变化特征和初始冲刷效应。结果表明:(1)4种下垫面的降雨径流总氮质量浓度均属于劣Ⅴ类水;四种下垫面的总磷污染程度相对较轻,沥青屋面、砖砌路面、油毡屋面和绿地的降雨径流总磷质量浓度优于Ⅳ类水的频率分别为80%、16%、88.46%和5.56%;沥青屋面、砖砌路面、油毡屋面和绿地的降雨径流总悬浮物质量浓度分布范围分别是7~798、15~569、10~871和44~378 mg/L。(2)总氮和总磷的径流污染水平排序为:砖砌路面>绿地>沥青屋面>油毡屋面;总悬浮物的径流污染水平排序为:绿地>砖砌路面>油毡屋面>沥青屋面。(3)中雨情景下各下垫面不同污染指标变化趋势差异较大,而小雨情景下受人为活动影响较大的下垫面的各污染指标浓度较高。(4)各下垫面污染物的初始冲刷强度排序均为:总悬浮物>总磷>总氮;各下垫面的初始冲刷强度排序为:沥青屋面>油毡屋面>砖砌路面>绿地。(5)沥青屋面和油毡屋面降雨径流中的总悬浮物和总磷具有较好的同源性,而砖砌路面降雨径流中的总磷与总氮和总悬浮物都具有较好的同源性。综合而言,各下垫面总氮和总悬浮物的场次降雨径流平均浓度远超于地表水Ⅴ类水质标准,会对城市水体造成污染,可根据不同下垫面的特点采取相应措施来降低污染物浓度。Urban surface pollution is the second largest non-point water pollution following the agricultural surface pollution and an important cause of the deterioration of urban water ecosystems.With the rapid urbanization in recent years,the increasing area of urban surface has led to an increase in flood flow and surface runoff,thus bringing more pollutants from the city into the urban pipe network and causing a more serious pollution to urban water bodies.In this paper,the pollution level of rainfall runoff,the change characteristics of runoff water quality and the initial scouring effect under different underlay conditions are investigated by using the monitoring data of four typical urban underlying surfaces,namely,asphalt roofs,brick pavements,linoleum roofs and green spaces.The results show that:①the quality concentration of total nitrogen in rainfall runoff from the four types of underlying surfaces is inferior to Class V water;the degree of total phosphorus pollution of the four types of underlay is relatively light,and the frequency of rainfall runoff total phosphorus quality concentration of asphalt roofing,brick pavements,linoleum roofing and green spaces that is better than Class IV water is 80%,16%,88.46%and 5.56%,respectively.The distribution ranges of rainfall runoff mass concentrations of total suspended solids for asphalt roofing,brick pavements,linoleum roofing and green spaces are 7~798,15~569,10~871 and 44~378 mg/L,respectively.②The runoff pollution levels of total nitrogen and total phosphorus are ranked as follows:brick pavements>green spaces>asphalt roofing>linoleum roofing;and the runoff pollution levels of total suspended solids were ranked as follows:green spaces>brick pavements>linoleum roofing>asphalt roofing.③The trends of the different pollution indicators varied greatly among the underlying surfaces under the medium rainfall scenario,while the concentration of the pollution indicators is higher in the underlying surfaces that are greatly affected by anthropogenic activities under the

关 键 词：降雨径流 城市典型下垫面 场次降雨径流平均浓度(EMC) 变化特征 初始冲刷效应 

分 类 号：TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源]