寒旱灌区灌排水体盐分离子特征  

Salt Ions Characteristics of Irrigation and Drainage Water in Cold Arid Irrigated Districts

作　　者：汪昌树 于宴民 伍靖伟[2] WANG Chang-shu;YU Yan-min;WU Jing-wei(Changjiang Survey,Planning,Design and Research Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430010,Hubei Province,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司,湖北武汉430010 [2]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2024年第3期143-151,共9页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司科研项目(CX2020Z02)。

摘　　要：土壤盐碱化是影响寒旱灌区农业可持续发展的关键因素之一,传统研究通常以盐分总量变化作为指标评估盐碱化演化趋势,而很少关注离子组成的变化。为深入研究盐分离子在农业灌排系统各水体间的分布、运移规律,本文以灌区灌排过程中的各种水体观测数据为依据,系统分析灌区不同水体水盐及离子的分布和变化特征。研究表明:灌区不同水体的盐分离子组成差异明显,灌水以Ca^(2+)和HCO_(3)^–为主,地下水、排水以Na^(+)、Cl^(–)和SO_(4)^(2–)为主。灌水水质较好,总体为HCO_(3)^(–)-Ca^(2+)型水。地下水呈弱碱性,总体为Cl^(–)·SO_(4)^(2–)-Na^(+)和Cl^(–)·SO_(4)^(2–)-Na^(+)·Mg^(2+)型。排水受区域地下水和灌溉退水等因素的影响,以Cl^(–)·SO_(4)^(2–)-Na^(+)和Cl^(–)·SO_(4)^(2–)-Na^(+)·Mg^(2+)型为主。Soil salinization and sodification is one of the key factors affecting the sustainable agricultural development in cold arid irrigated districts.Traditionally,the total soil salt contents were used as the indicator to evaluate the evolution trend of salinization and sodification,but little attention is paid to the change of ion composition.For a further study of the distribution and migration patterns of salt ions among various water in agricultural irrigation and drainage systems,this paper analyzes the distribution and change characteristics of salt and ions in different water in irrigation areas systematically based on the observation data of various water during the irrigation and drainage process.Research has shown that the composition of salt ions in waters in the irrigated districts is different obviously/Irrigation water is dominated by Ca^(2+)and HCO_(3)^(–),while groundwater and drainage are mainly Na^(+),Cl^(–) and SO_(4)^(2–).The quality of irrigation water is relatively good,and it is generally HCO_(3)^(–)-Ca^(2+)type water.Groundwater shows weak alkalinity,and is generally of Cl^(–)·SO_(4)^(2–)-Na^(+) and Cl^(–)·SO_(4)^(2–)-Na^(+)·Mg^(2+)type water.Drainage is mainly influenced by factors such as regional groundwater and irrigation recession,with Cl^(–)·SO_(4)^(2–)-Na^(+)and Cl^(–)·SO_(4)^(2–)-Na^(+)·Mg^(2+)type.

关 键 词：灌排系统 盐分 离子组成 盐渍化 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]