渭北黄土台塬区水库水下岸坡稳定形态预测模型研究  

Prediction Model of Underwater Bank Slope Stability Morphology of Reservoir in Weibei Loess Plateau Area

作　　者：高德彬[1,2] 张昊 马学通 李同录[1,2] 李常虎 李启鹏[1,2] GAO De-bin;ZHANG Hao;MA Xue-tong;LI Tong-lu;LI Chang-hu;LI Qi-peng(School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi Province,China;Water Cycle and Geological Environment Observation and Research Station for the Chinese Loess Plateau,Ministry of Education,Zhengning 745399,Gansu Province,China;Power China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited,Xi’an 710065,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,陕西西安710054 [2]黄土高原水循环与地质环境教育部野外科学观测研究站,甘肃正宁745399 [3]中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2024年第3期152-159,共8页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41877242);国家重点研发计划资助(2017YFC1501302);中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司科研项目(XBY-KJ-2019-19)。

摘　　要：黄土地区水库塌岸预测仍以卡丘金法等经验图解法为主,此类方法预测结果的准确性取决于对岸坡剖面形态的准确描述。为了提高黄土地区水库塌岸宽度预测的准确性,选取渭北黄土台塬区选择典型水库进行现场调查,对原河道岸坡形态与蓄水后岸坡形态进行对比分析,在此基础上建立了水下岸坡形态预测模型。结果表明,渭北黄土台塬区水库岸坡塌岸稳定后,水上岸坡呈直立状,高度可达30 m以上,水下岸坡呈曲线形,受水深和岸坡高度共同影响,塌落物可能露出水面。在此基础上基于对数螺线方程建立了水下岸坡形态预测模型,并与经典图解法所用直线型岸坡进行对比,误差分析结果表明采用对数螺线方程进行水下岸坡形态预测时堆积体积误差为4.50%~39.70%,均值为12.64%,而直线型岸坡的预测误差为25.75%~124.69%,均值为75.69%。即采用对数螺线方程可以更好的测水下岸坡形态及水下堆积量。相关研究成果对黄土台塬区水库塌岸预测方法的改进,以及黄河流域的渭北黄土台塬区的环境保护与高质量发展具有实际意义。The prediction of reservoir collapse in loess area is still dominated by empirical graphical methods such as Kachugin method,and the accuracy of the prediction results of such methods depends on the accurate description of the profile morphology of the bank slope.In order to improve the accuracy of the prediction of the collapse width of reservoirs in the loess area,this paper selects typical reservoirs in the Loess Plateau Area of Weibei for on-site investigation,compares and analyzes the bank slope morphology of the original river channel and the bank slope morphology after water storage,and establishes an underwater bank slope morphology prediction model on this basis.The results show that after the loess bank slope collapses steadily in Weibei Loess Plateau Area,the above-water bank slope is upright,with a height of more than 30m,and the underwater bank slope is curved,and the collapsed material may be exposed to the water surface due to the combined influence of water depth and bank slope height.On this basis,the underwater bank slope morphology prediction model is established based on the logarithmic spiral equation,and compared with the linear bank slope used in the classical graphical method。The error analysis results show that the stacked volume error is 4.50%~39.70%,the average value is 12.64%,while the prediction error of the linear bank slope is 25.75%~124.69%,and the average value is 75.69%.That is,the logarithmic spiral equation can better measure the shape of underwater bank slope and the amount of underwater accumulation.The relevant research results are of practical significance for the improvement of the prediction method of reservoir collapse in the Weibei Loess Plateau Area and the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.

关 键 词：渭北黄土台塬 塌岸预测 水下岸坡稳定形态 对数螺线方程 塌岸特征 

分 类 号：TV697.3[水利工程—水利水电工程]