补充灌溉对盐渍化农田冬小麦生长生产的影响模拟  

The Effect of Supply Irrigation on Winter Wheat Growth and Production on Saline Soil Farm

作　　者：韩莉 刘文涛 黄明逸 翟亚明[3] 冯根祥 朱成立[3] HAN Li;LIU Wen-tao;HUANG Ming-yi;ZHAI Ya-ming;FENG Gen-xiang;ZHU Cheng-li(Xuzhou Water Conservancy Project Construction and Management Center,Xuzhou 221000,Jiangsu Province,China;Jiangsu Huaiyin Water Conservancy Construction Co.Ltd,Huaiyin 223300,Jiangsu Province,China;College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]徐州市水利工程建设管理中心,江苏徐州221000 [2]江苏淮阴水利建设有限公司,江苏淮安223001 [3]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2024年第3期167-174,182,共9页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52309044,52209051);江苏省博士后科研资助计划(2021K598C)。

摘　　要：为探究适宜干旱半干旱地区盐渍化农田冬小麦的补充灌溉策略,开展了不同灌溉次数和土壤含盐量处理下的田间试验,利用AquaCrop模型对冬小麦生长生产进行了校验,并通过情景模拟优化了典型水文年份下盐渍化农田冬小麦补充灌溉方法。结果表明:(1)AquaCrop模型可较好的模拟补充灌溉对盐渍化农田冬小麦冠层覆盖度、累积腾发量、干物质量及籽粒产量的影响,各指标的相对误差P_e为-28.54%~20.78%,相关性系数R~2为0.90~0.98,均方根误差RMSE分别为5.28%~12.19%、14.99~26.81 mm、0.57~1.04 t/hm^(2)和0.45~0.55 t/hm^(2),归一化均方根误差NRMSE为6.49%~20.10%。(2)随着灌水次数减少和土壤含盐量增加,模型精度有所降低,同时由于AquaCrop在全生育期采用了一致的作物系数,无法准确预测水盐胁迫下冬小麦早衰现象,模型易高估亏缺灌溉和盐渍化土壤条件下的冬小麦生长生产。(3)研究区轻度盐渍化农田推荐的冬小麦补充灌溉策略是干旱年在拔节、开花及灌浆期灌水60 mm、正常年在拔节及开花期灌水60 mm、湿润年在拔节期灌水60 mm,中度和重度盐渍化农田需在此基础上加灌1次60 mm,以上补充灌溉策略可实现6.53~8.37 t/hm^(2)的冬小麦籽粒产量,在节水的同时确保收获大于80%的潜在籽粒产量。In order to explore the suitable supply irrigation strategy for winter wheat on the saline soil farm of arid and semi-arid regimes,this paper carries out the field experiment with different irrigation times and soil salinity treatments.The AquaCrop model is calibrated and validated by using the winter wheat growth and production data.The supply irrigation strategy for winter wheat on the saline soil farm under typical hydrological years is optimized through scenario simulation.The results show that:①the AquaCrop model accurately simulates the effect of supply irrigation on the canopy cover,cumulative evapotranspiration,dry biomass and grain yield of winter wheat on saline soil farm,with Pe in-28.54%to 20.78%,R^(2) in 0.90 to 0.98,RMSE in 5.28%to 12.19%,14.99 to 26.81 mm,0.57 to 1.04 t/hm^(2),0.45 to 0.55 t/hm^(2),and NRMSE in 6.49%to 20.10%.②With the decrease in irrigation frequency and the increase in soil salinity,the accuracy of the model decreases.Meanwhile,due to the consistent crop coefficient in the whole growth period,AquaCrop cannot accurately predict the early senescence of winter wheat under water and salt stress,and the model is prone to overestimate the growth and production of winter wheat under deficient irrigation and saline soil conditions.③The recommended supply irrigation strategy for winter wheat in slight saline soil is three irrigations of 60 mm each at the jointing,flowering,and grain-filling stage for the dry year,two irrigations of 60 mm each at the jointing and flowering stage for the normal year,and one irrigation of 60 mm at the jointing stage for the wet year.The recommended supply irrigation strategy in moderate and severe saline soil needed irrigated once with 60 mm on this basis.These supply irrigation strategies could decrease irrigation water and achieve 6.53~8.37 t/hm^(2) winter wheat grain yield,which is over 80%of the potential grain yield.

关 键 词：补充灌溉 盐渍化农田 冬小麦 作物模型 灌溉优化 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程] S287[农业科学—农业工程]