多重身份互构:养老护理员的职业认同与身份建构  

Multiple Identity Inter-Construction:Professional Identity and Identity Construction of Elderly Caregivers

作　　者：梁晨[1] LIANG Chen(Institute of Sociology/Social Policy Research Center,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院社会学研究所/社会政策研究中心,北京100732

出　　处：《妇女研究论丛》2024年第1期1-12,42,共13页Journal of Chinese Women＇s Studies

基　　金：中国社会科学院2024年度国情考察项目“中国老年护理员现状调查”(项目编号:2024GQKC003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国家庭养老服务供需缺口巨大,养老服务社会化势在必行,对养老服务护理员的需求日益增多,而养老服务护理员则面临工资待遇和福利低、工作辛苦、社会歧视层出不穷等困境,存在队伍不稳定、人员流失严重等问题。本文关注养老护理员如何在困难处境中建构身份和建立职业认同。本文以东部地区两市的田野调查为基础,从护理员的经济、家庭照料、道德和情感等个人因素以及地方文化和性别等社会因素角度透视护理员的职业认同机制和过程,分析影响不同类型养老护理员职业认同的因素及其特征,并从职业身份、家庭身份、社区身份等方面分析养老护理员的身份建构。本文认为,以上五个因素交织在一起,存在相互作用:道德因素和情感因素是所有类型的护理员共同的职业认同因素;经济因素、家庭照料因素和社区舆论因素在本地护理员、外来护理员以及院舍护理员和上门服务的居家养老护理员间起到不同作用,背后存在地方文化和家庭性别分工的影响。养老护理员的身份建构是女性经由家庭身份、社区身份和职业身份互构形成的多重身份建构,是多重复杂身份互构的结果。The demand for elderly caregivers is increasing day by day in China.However,there are difficulties such as low benefits,tiring and dirty work,and social bias in elderly caregivers'career.And there are also problems such as unstable teams and severe turnover.This article focuses on how elderly caregivers establish professional identity and how to construct identity.Based on field investigations in two cities in the eastern region,this article examines the professional identity mechanism and process of elderly caregivers from the perspectives of personal factors such as economy,family,morality,and emotions,as well as social factors such as local culture and gender,and analyzes the identity construction of elderly caregivers from multiple aspects such as professional identity,family identity,and community identity.The article argues that the five factors are intertwined and interact with each other,and different factors play different roles in local caregivers,external caregivers,as well as nursing home caregivers and home-based caregivers'professional identify,which are influenced by local culture and family gender division of labor.The identity construction of elderly caregivers is a multiple identity construction formed by the mutual construction of women's family identity,community identity,and professional identity.Their identity construction is the result of multiple and mixed identity constructions.

关 键 词：养老护理员 职业认同 身份建构 多重身份 互构 

分 类 号：C913.2[经济管理]