金融诈骗罪特别从宽于诈骗罪的再认识  

Re-Recognition of the Crime of Financial Fraud Particularly More Lenient than the Crime of Fraud

作　　者：徐光华 Xu Guanghua

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2024年第1期85-104,共20页China Legal Science

基　　金：2023年度上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“惩罚犯罪与发挥金融活力平衡下的金融诈骗罪适用范围研究”(项目批准号:2023BFX013)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：金融诈骗罪中的“骗”具有一定特殊性,部分被害人并非完全处于“被骗”的角色,行为人的身份对被害人公开决定了“骗”的程度也相对有限,行为人与被害人的“金融合作”关系决定了刑法不宜过度介入金融诈骗行为。金融风险一定程度上是刑法所容许的风险,不同场域的财产对风险的容忍程度存在差异,防范风险、解决纠纷的举措也不同,刑法对风险的介入也应存在差异。对于金融诈骗罪,历次刑法修正及司法解释的整体方向是逐步从宽于诈骗罪进行处罚,司法实务上亦坚持特别法优先并对金融诈骗行为进一步限缩入罪。基于重法优先而将金融诈骗行为以诈骗罪论处,过度注重安全而忽视了金融市场更需要的效益价值,背离了行为的金融属性特征,制约了金融在助力经济社会发展中的作用。The‘fraud’in the crime of financial fraud is not entirely equivalent to the crime of fraud.Some victim is not completely in the role of being‘deceived’.The identity of the actor disclosed to the victim determines the degree of‘fraud’is relatively limited,and the‘fnancial cooperation’relationship between the actor and the victim determines that the criminal law should not be excessively involved in financial fraud.To a certain extent,financial risks are the risks allowed by the criminal law.Property in different fields have different tolerance of risk,and their risk prevention and dispute resolution measures are also different,so the criminal law should also be discrepant in the risk intervention.For the crime of fnancial fraud,the overall direction of the amendments to the criminal law and judicial interpretation is to be gradually more lenient than the crime of fraud for punishment.In judicial practice,it also adheres to the special law priority and further reduces the crime of fnancial fraud.Punishing fnancial fraud as the crime of fraud based on the priority of the law excessively focuses on security,ignores the needed effcient value of the fnancial market,departs from the fnancial attribute characteristics of the behavior,and constrains the role of fnance in supporting economic and social development.

关 键 词：金融诈骗罪 诈骗罪 金融属性 法条竞合 特别法优先 

分 类 号：D924.33[政治法律—刑法学]