数字人身同一认定的技术力量与规制  

Technological Power and Regulation of Digital Personal Identifcation

作　　者：李学军[1] Li Xuejun

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2024年第1期145-165,共21页China Legal Science

基　　金：2019年度最高人民检察院检察理论研究项目“大数据司法鉴定研究”(项目批准号:GJ2019C10)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：历史上曾经仅以神示法和决斗法方能实现的人身同一认定,经技术迭代演进为诸如人脸识别等数字人身同一认定,具有了高效、高能的“助力面向”。但在场景效应下,数字人身同一认定还隐含着侵害隐私和个人信息的“权力面向”。当前,数字人身同一认定的法律规制存在“授权不全面,限权不充分”的问题。为此,数字人身同一认定的规制完善需以生物识别数据为中心,并在价值论和方法论层面分别采取“两头强化”和“法技协同”原则;且应从赋权与限权两方面出发,对数据收集、使用、存储和删除等环节及其适用场域进行体系化完善。In history,personal identification,once only implemented by the ordeal or wager of battle,has been evolving into digital personal identification,including facial recognition,etc.,through iterations of technology.Digital personal identification bears the‘facet of assistance’,which improves the efficiency and ability of identification.However,under the contextual effect,its‘facet of power’looms,threatening citizens'privacy and personal information.Up till now,the regulation on digital personal identifcation remains in the situation of‘incomplete authorization and insuffcient power restriction’.Therefore,the legal regulation on digital personal identifcation shall shift its focus on the biometric data,and utilize‘the theory of strengthening two sides’and‘the methodology of synergy between law and technology’;moreover,systematic suggestions of the regulation on digital personal identifcation are proposed concerning the data processing stages(i.e.,data collection,usage,storage,and deletion)and the applicable scenarios.

关 键 词：数字人身同一认定 人脸识别 个人信息保护 隐私权 算法权力 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D923[政治法律—法学] D925.2