国际民事诉讼管辖权的基础构造  

The Basic Structure of International Civil Jurisdiction

作　　者：宋晓[1] Song Xiao

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2024年第1期265-285,共21页China Legal Science

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金一般项目“域外管辖理论体系研究”(项目批准号:20BFX206)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：一般管辖与特别管辖构成国际民事诉讼管辖权的基础构造,其对立结构及其在同一体系中的互动纠葛,是国际民事诉讼管辖权体系建构的关键。尽管历史源流和具体实践仍存在诸多差异,两大法系迄今都发展出一般管辖和特别管辖的基础构造。一般管辖侧重案件当事人和特定地域的普遍联系,各国的一般管辖规则已然趋同。特别管辖则强调事件或行为和特定地域的特别联系,其类型建构因应实践需求,不以体系化为目标。一般管辖和特别管辖在一国法律体系中平行展开,常呈现出此消彼长的互动过程。将一般管辖限制在合理范围内,然后根据实践需要优先发展特别管辖规则,是一国管辖权体系发展的应然之道。国际管辖和国内管辖共享一般管辖和特别管辖的基础构造,因而无需构建独立的国际管辖权体系,但仍需根据国际民事诉讼的特别情势制定相应的例外规则,以不方便法院原则和禁诉令制度作为政策调适工具。The opposition structure between general jurisdiction and specifc jurisdiction and their interaction in the same system are the key to international civil jurisdiction.So far,the common law tradition and civil law tradition have developed the basic structure of general jurisdiction and specific jurisdiction,although there are still many differences in their historical origins and practices.General jurisdiction focuses on the general relationship between the parties and specifc regions,and the general jurisdiction rules of various countries have been approaching.Specific jurisdiction emphasizes the special relationship between events or acts and specific regions.Its type construction responds to the needs of practice,which does not take systematization as the goal.General jurisdiction and specifc jurisdiction are carried out in parallel in a country's legal system,often showing an interactive process of change.Limiting the general jurisdiction to a reasonable range,and then giving priority to the development of special jurisdiction rules according to the needs of practice is the better way for the development of a country's jurisdiction system.International jurisdiction and domestic jurisdiction share the basic structure of general jurisdiction and specifc jurisdiction,so there is no need to build an independent international jurisdiction system.However,it is still necessary to formulate corresponding exception rules according to the special situation of international civil litigation,and take forum non conveniens and anti-suit injunctions as tools for policy adjustment.

关 键 词：国际民事诉讼 一般管辖 特别管辖 合理联系 

分 类 号：D997.3[政治法律—国际法学]