论近代作为来华基督教传教工具的博物馆  

A Study on Museums as Missionary Tools for Christianity in China in Modern Times

作　　者：蒋凡 Jiang Fan

机构地区：[1]浙大城市学院考古学系,浙江杭州310015

出　　处：《文博学刊》2023年第4期64-70,共7页Journal of Archaeology and Museology

基　　金：国家社科青年基金项目“革命文物展览的爱国主义教育效果评价与提升研究”(项目编号:21CKS057)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近代以来,基督教在华传教士采取了多种传教方式,其中“博物馆”作为传教方式受到一些传教士的青睐。狄考文建立的登州文会馆专门设立博物馆以辅助宗教教育,郭显德和怀恩光则直接将博物馆视为他们开展宗教活动的中心。这些博物馆通过展示西方科学技术,兼具科学展览和福音传播的双重功能,博物馆由此成为传教的教室,用代表西方文明的实物和展览的组织秩序弥补说教上的不足。传教士希望用博物馆的西方现代文明展示冲击中国人传统认知,通过新奇的展览吸引中国人,进而使中国人皈依基督教。利用“博物馆”推动宗教传播是近代来华基督教传教士的特色方式。In modern times,Christian missionaries in China adopted a variety of communication methods,among which the“museum”missionary approach was favored by some missionaries.The Tengchow College,established by Calvin Wilson Mateer,specifically set up a museum to support its religious education.Hunter Corbett and John Sutherland Whitewright,on the other hand,directly regarded the museum as the center for conducting their religious activities.These museums utilized Western science and technology to showcase exhibits,giving them a dual function of both scientific exhibition and evangelical education.The museums served as missionary classrooms,using the physical objects that represent Western civilization and the organizational order of exhibitions to supplement the shortcomings in preaching.The missionaries hoped that museums could utilize Western modern civilization to influence traditional cognition of Chinese people.Through novel exhibitions,these Christian missionaries aimed to attract Chinese people and ultimately lead them to convert to Christianity.Using museums to promote the dissemination of religion is a characteristics method of Christian missionaries who came to China in modern times.

关 键 词：基督教在华传播 博物馆 狄考文 郭显德 怀恩光 

分 类 号：G260[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K252