从家谱看满族民间土地契约形成  

The Formation of Manchu Folk Land Contract from Genealogy

作　　者：何晓芳 HE Xiaofang(Northeastern University,Shenyang 110000,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学民族学学院中国满学研究院,辽宁沈阳110000

出　　处：《通化师范学院学报》2024年第3期13-23,共11页Journal of Tonghua Normal University

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金冷门“绝学”和国别史等研究专项“国内外满族民间家谱总目与数据库建设”(19VJX026)。

摘　　要：满族民间土地契约在满族历史上有一个发展形成过程。满族入关前的女真人时期,到努尔哈赤起兵之后开展“计丁授田”,土地公有,八旗征战,不以农耕为生计方式,因此满族入关前没有土地文本契约存在。满族入关后获得旗地作为私产,分家单成为满族民间第一种土地契约,一直到晚清,满族民间土地文本契约形成,以“白契”为主流形制。Manchu folk land contract has a development and formation process in Manchu history.From the Nvzhen period before the time of the Manchu entering the Shanhai Pass,to the time of Nurhachi's mili-tary mutiny,they carried out the policy of"planning and granting fields",public land and eight-flag cam-paigns,not taking farming as a way of livelihood,so there was no land text contract those days.After enter-ing the Shanhai Pass,the Manchu nationality obtained the flag land as private property,and the family divi-sion became the first land contract of Manchu folk.Until the late Qing Dynasty,the text contract of Man-chu folk land was formed,with a kind of unregistered contract——"white contract"as the mainstream form.This paper takes a different academic perspective from the previous research on Manchu banner land.Based on Manchu genealogy,this paper analyzes the formation process of Manchu folk land contract from the process of Manchu family multiplication and branch.

关 键 词：家谱 满族民间 土地契约 “白契” 

分 类 号：G112[文化科学] C95[社会学—民族学]