“危险的故事”:拜登政府对华竞争叙事的层次探析  

A Multi-Level Analysis of the Biden Administration's Narrative Competition with China

作　　者：朱玲玲 Zhu Lingling

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院,北京100091

出　　处：《国际论坛》2024年第1期91-109,158,159,共21页International Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“美国总统外交危机话语研究”(项目批准号:19BGJ025)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：叙事是一个认知框架,是理解和诠释的工具,大国战略和国家政策的制定和实施离不开叙事。国际关系中的叙事具有明确的分析层次,拜登政府从国际体系层面、国家层面和(国内)议题层面分别编织了“中国是胁迫力量”“中国是威权主义国家”和“中国是不负责任的竞争者”三重环环相扣的“危险”故事,揭示了美国继续从大国竞争的角度看待中美关系的本质。在叙事实践中,拜登政府的三重叙事分别与美国安全叙事、身份叙事、发展叙事相契合,在国内建构了“中国威胁美国国家安全和发展”,在国际社会塑造了中国是“国际秩序破坏者”的假象,为美国凝聚国内共识、推进政策实施、在国际社会贬损中国形象以及争夺国际话语权提供了契机。由此,这三重叙事也成为现实政治中拜登政府推进对华战略竞争的有力工具,凸显其在国内获得政策合法性,在国际上赢得盟伴信任、支持并构筑对华竞争“统一战线”的战略意图。拜登政府对华竞争叙事的根本目的是通过提高中国行动成本、降低自身战略成本的方式实现“竞赢”中国的战略目标。对拜登政府对华竞争叙事层次的系统分析有助于我们深化对美国对华竞争的认识,为更好地建构对己有利的国际叙事奠定基础。Both a cognitive framework and an instrument for understanding and interpretation,narrative is essential for the formulation and implementation of great power strategies and national policies.Following the clear and multiple levels of analysis in narratives in international relations,the Biden administration has woven a tripledanger narrative of “China as a coercive force,” “China as an authoritarian state,” and “China as an irresponsible competitor” at the level of the international system,the state,and(domestic) issues respectively.This shows that the US continues to view China-US relations through the lens of great power competition.Consistent with US narratives on security,identity,and development,the Biden administration's tripartite narrative paints China as “a revisionist to the international order” to the international community,and “a threat to American national security and development” to the American public.This has served to foster domestic consensus and facilitate policy implementation at home and tarnish Chinese images and promote negative perceptions of China in the world to gain advantage in the competition for international discursive power.Thus,the tripartite narrative has become a powerful tool for the Biden administration in its strategic competition with China as it is conducive to the legitimacy of its domestic policies,and the establishment of a “united front” for competition with China by winning the trust and support of its allies internationally.The strategic goal of this narrative approach is to “outcompete” China by reducing US strategic costs and increasing those for China.A systematic multi-level analysis of the Biden administration's narrative competition with China will deepen our understanding of the US competition with China and lay the groundwork for improving China international narrative.

关 键 词：拜登政府 对华竞争叙事 国际体系叙事 国家身份叙事 国内议题叙事 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]