他们为什么愿意从事技能工作?——制度理论视角下德国青年技能投资意愿研究  

Why They Want to Engage in Skills Work:A Study of German Youth’s Willingness to Invest in Skills from an Institutional Theory Perspective

作　　者：贺艳芳[1] He Yanfang(Vocational Education Institute of Engineering and Design College,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学工程与设计学院职业教育研究所,长沙410081

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2024年第4期63-75,共13页Journal of East China Normal University:Educational Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学重大课题“技能型社会测度模型、驱动因素及路径优化研究”(VJA220006)。

摘　　要：青年人技能投资的意愿直接影响着职业教育的吸引力和技能社会建设的人力资源基础。相比我国青年技能投资意愿较低而导致青年失业率较高的现实,德国通过职业教育培养合格的专业技术工人队伍以支撑企业生产与发展,取得了全球认可的成绩。本研究以制度理论为基础,回答了德国青年为什么愿意从事技能工作这一问题,发现影响德国青年技能投资意愿的规制性因素包括劳资关系的平等程度、工作保护程度、就业保护程度、失业保护程度和工资保护程度;规范性要素包括职业价值观、技能资格证书含金量和薪酬回报程度;认知性要素包括技能工作专业化水平、技能学习过程质量水平、发展路径多样化水平。制度的规制性要素为德国青年的技能投资意愿提供了基本保障,规范性要素从价值观和实践层面激励技能投资意愿,认知性要素通过行动者自身对技能工作的理解而转化为技能投资的内生性意愿。The willingness of young people to invest in skills has a direct impact on the attractiveness of voca-tional education and on the human resource base for building a skills-based society.Compared with the reality of high youth unemployment caused by the low willingness of Chinese youth to invest in skills,Germany has made globally recognised achievements through vocational education to cultivate a qualified team of professional and skilled workers to support enterprise production and development.In answering the question“why German youth are willing to engage in skilled work”on the basis of institutional theory,the study found that the regulatory factors affecting German youth’s willingness to invest in skills include the degree of equality in labour relations,the degree of job protection,the degree of employment protection,the degree of unemployment protection and the degree of wage protection.Normative factors include occupational values,the value of skills qualifications and the degree of pay rewards.Cognitive factors include the level of professionalisation of skills work,the quality of the skills learn-ing process and the diversity of development paths.The regulatory aspects of the system ensure German youth’s will-ingness to invest in skills,while normative factors inspire this willingness through values and practices.Cognitive elements turn into an inherent willingness for skills investment through the individual’s understanding of skilled work.

关 键 词：技能工作 技能投资意愿 德国 制度因素 

分 类 号：C975[经济管理—劳动经济]