德国汉堡历史水利设施的适应性转型:从保障公共卫生的关键基础设施到宝贵的人工生态系统和公共空间  

Adaptive Transformation of Historic Water Works in Hamburg,Germany:From Essential Infrastructure and Cornerstone of Public Health to Valuable Man-Made Ecosystems and Designed Public Spaces

作　　者：西格丽德·海尔-兰格 埃卡特·兰格 Sigrid HEHL-LANGE;Eckart LANGE(Department of Landscape Architecture,The University of Sheffield,Sheffield S102TN,UK)

机构地区：[1]英国谢菲尔德大学景观系,谢菲尔德S102TN

出　　处：《景观设计学（中英文）》2023年第6期44-53,共10页Landscape Architecture Frontiers

基　　金：汉堡高等研究院2022-2023年度研究基金;科技部外国专家项目“恢复性城市景观理论、方法与实践”(编号:G2022133023L);教育部生态化城市设计国际合作联合实验室恢复性城市研究分实验中心项目(编号:CAUP-UD-06)。

摘　　要：缺乏安全的饮用水供应是引起霍乱等水源性传播疾病的一大原因。即使在现代,每年仍有约10万人死于霍乱。20世纪初至中叶以来出现的一些相对简单但高效的工程解决方案为人们提供了清洁的饮用水。1892年,德国汉堡市爆发霍乱疫情,短短几周内就有超过8000人丧生。为了应对这一危机,汉堡市建立了沉淀和过滤系统以提供清洁饮用水,自此该系统运行了将近一个世纪。近几十年来,这些设施逐渐废弃,人们提出了大型综合用地开发等多项提案,而后又根据不断变化的需求进行调整,以提供教育和休闲服务,同时提升自然资产价值。那些保存下来的历史建筑具有较高的文化遗产价值,在自然演替和设计干预的共同作用下,它们与景观环境相融合,转变为了具有美学价值的宝贵栖息地。此外,易北河疏浚曾饱受争议,为补偿其造成的环境影响,一些旧沉淀池因适宜的地理位置被重新设计为栖息地,为当地特有的罕见植物提供了家园。A lack of safe drinking water supply is the cause of a number of waterborne diseases such as cholera.Even nowadays,an estimated 100,000 people die from cholera each year.Since the early/mid-19th century relatively simple but highly effective engineering solutions were developed that helped provide clean drinking water.In 1892 the City of Hamburg,Germany was hit by a cholera epidemic and more than 8,oo0 people died within a few weeks.As a consequence,sedimentation and filtration systems to provide clean drinking water were built.They were in operation for nearly a century and subsequently became disused in recent decades.Since then,a number of proposals including large mixed-use developments were put forward and over time adapted to the changing needs to offer educational and recreational services,as well as enhancing natural assets.While the historic buildings of high heritage value were conserved,the sedimentation and filtration systems in their landscape setting transformed through natural succession combined with design interventions into attractive and valuable habitats.In addition,some of the former sedimentation basins were found to be the most suitable locations to compensate for the environmental impact of the highly disputed dredging of the Elbe River and were redesigned to provide a new habitat for a rare and endemic plant species.

关 键 词：适应性转型 自来水厂 砂滤系统 霍乱 工业遗产 游憩 生态补偿 生态系统修复 基于自然的解决方案 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] TU986