莲子壳主料对代栽灵芝生长及其生产效益的影响  

Effects of lotus-seed-husk substrate on Ganoderma lingzhi growth and production benefits

作　　者：张波 叶雷 谭伟 李小林 杨学圳 周洁 ZHANG Bo;YE Lei;TAN Wei;LI Xiaolin;YANG Xuezhen;ZHOU Jie(Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi,Chengdu 610066,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省食用菌研究所,四川成都610066

出　　处：《菌物学报》2024年第2期87-98,共12页Mycosystema

基　　金：国家食用菌产业技术体系(CARS-20)。

摘　　要：莲子壳作为农业副产物体量较大,可用作食用菌栽培原料。本研究以资源化利用莲子壳和拓展灵芝栽培原料来源、降本增效为目的,以10%、20%、40%、60%和80%的莲子壳替代基础配方(杂木屑45%、玉米芯45%、麦麸5%、玉米粉4%、石膏1%)的木屑和玉米芯,研究各试验配方的灵芝农艺性状、品质及生产效益,从中优选出莲子壳基质高效配方,为探究莲子壳在代料灵芝生产中的应用提供依据。结果表明,培养料添加一定比例莲子壳可促进灵芝菌丝生长,60%处理的菌丝生长速度最快,达4.44mm/d;基料添加莲子壳会减少菌柄长度、菌盖厚度和子实体含水量,对菌盖大小、菌柄直径和单朵鲜重无明显影响。活性成分测定结果表明,随栽培料莲子壳比例的增加,灵芝子实体多糖和蛋白质含量明显增加,80%处理的多糖含量(10.57mg/g)是对照的1.66倍、蛋白质含量(15.14%)显著高于对照(14.12%);而栽培料莲子壳对灵芝子实体三萜酸的影响呈“低比例促进、高比例抑制”趋势。另外,莲子壳配方会显著提高灵芝子实体氨基酸总量,以10%处理最高,氨基酸总量为32.44%,该处理检测到13种氨基酸的含量最高值。生产效益分析表明,栽培料添加莲子壳可显著提高灵芝栽培利润,以80%处理栽培利润最高(1.22元/袋)。综上所述,莲子壳作为原料栽培灵芝有明显增产效果,可进一步示范推广。As an agricultural byproduct,the husks of lotus seeds can be used to cultivate edible fungi.This study aims at utilizing lotus seed husks to cultivate Ganoderma lingzhi in order to reduce the costs and increase the efficiency of cultivation.The 10%,20%,40%,60% and 80% lotus seed husks were used to replace sawdust and corncob in the basic formula(45% sawdust,45% corncob,5% wheat bran,4% corn flour,and 1% gypsum)of conventional cultivating substrate.The agronomic traits,nutrient content and production benefits were investigated to select the high-efficient formula.Results showed that certain proportion of lotus seed husks in the substrate could promote the mycelium growth rate of G.lingzhi.The growth rate reached 4.44 mm/d under the replacement of 60% lotus seed husks.Ganoderma lingzhi cultivated in the lotus-seed-husk substrate displayed shorter stipe,thinner cap and lower moisture content of basidiomata,while the cap size,stipe diameter and fresh weight of basidiomata showed no significant difference.The determination of nutrients revealed that the polysaccharide and protein content in basidiomata significantly increased with the increase of lotus seed husk proportion in the substrate.The polysaccharide content in basidiomata cultivated in the substrate with 80% lotus seed husks(10.57 mg/g)was 1.66 times higher than that in the conventional substrate,and the protein content(15.14%)was also significantly higher than that in basidiomata cultivated in the conventional substrate(14.12%).However,the triterpenoid acids displayed a trend of“low proportion promotion,high proportion inhibition”in the substrate with lotus seed husk replacement.Besides,lotus-seed-husk substrate significantly improved total amino acid content in G.lingzhi basidiomata,particularly in the substrate with 10% lotus seed husks(32.44%).In total,13 amino acids were detected.Production benefit analysis showed that G.lingzhi cultivated in lotus seed husk substrate significantly improve the cultivation profit,and the profit was the highest(1.22 yu

关 键 词：灵芝 代料栽培 莲子壳 生产效益 

分 类 号：S567.31[农业科学—中草药栽培]