H型栽培架层间距对番茄生长、产量及品质的影响  

Effect of layer spacing of H-shaped cultivation frame on growth,yield and quality of tomato

作　　者：吴少博 张伟豪 赵麒栋 桑政 王吉庆[1] 肖怀娟 ZHAO Qidong;SANG Zheng;WANG Jiqing;XIAO Huaijuan(College of Horticulture,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,Henan,China;Henan Sanhe Yimin Agricultural Technology Group Co.,Ltd,Dancheng 477150,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学园艺学院,郑州450046 [2]河南三禾益民农业科技集团有限公司,河南郸城477150

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2024年第3期112-120,共9页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：河南省大宗蔬菜产业技术体系建设专项资助项目(S2010-03)。

摘　　要：为探究H型双层立体栽培架合适层间距,为我国中原地区日光温室番茄立体栽培架型的科学设计提供依据,分别设置80、110和140 cm三个层间距建造H型双层栽培架,在春季日光温室内,以粉都53番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)为试材,采用营养液膜栽培方式进行试验,监测了三个层间距条件下,上下层的光照变化及对番茄光合性能的影响,测定了番茄生长、产量及品质等相关指标,研究了H型栽培架层间距对番茄生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,增加层间距能明显增强下层光照强度、促进番茄生长,提升番茄品质。不同层间距上层番茄之间各指标差异不显著,差异主要集中于下层番茄,其中层间距为140 cm下层番茄的第3、第4穗果平均单果质量、优果率和小区产量均显著高于80 cm和110 cm层间距处理,且总产量分别比后两者显著提高了46.4%和9.5%,可溶性糖含量分别增加了9.6%和7.6%,差异显著。相关性分析得出,层间距为140 cm处理下层番茄的生长情况、产量和品质优于层间距为80 cm和110 cm的原因主要是光照条件更好。综上,说明H型双层立体栽培架种植番茄上下层间距为140 cm时效果最优,可在实际生产中应用。In order to explore the appropriate layer spacing of H-type double-layer stereoscopic cultivation frame,and to provide a basis for the scientific design of tomato stereoscopic cultivation frame in the Central Plains of China,three layers devices of 80,110 and 140 cm were designed.The nutrient film cultivation technique to grow the tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.),which variety is‘Pink Du 53’.The variation of light intensity under different treatments was monitored,and the growth,yield and quality of tomato were measured.The results showed that an increase of layer spacing led to a gradual increase in light intensity in the lower layer,and resulting in better growth and quality of tomatoes.There was no significant difference in each index among the top layer tomatoes with different layer spacing,and the difference was mainly concentrated in the lower layer tomatoes.The average fruit mass of the third and fourth panicle,superior fruit rate and plot yield of the lower layer tomatoes with layer spacing of 140 cm were significantly higher than those treated with layer spacing of 80 and 110 cm,and the total yield was significantly increased by 46.4% and 9.5% compared with the latter two treatments,respectively,the soluble sugar content increased by 9.6% and 7.6%,respectively,and the difference was significant.The correlation analysis showed that the growth,yield and quality of tomatoes under the treatment of 140 cm layer spacing were better than those under the treatment of 80 and 110 cm layer spacing mainly because of the better light conditions.In conclusion,the H-type double-layer three-dimensional cultivation frame had the best effect when the distance between upper and lower layers was 140 cm,which could be used in the actual production process.

关 键 词：番茄 立体栽培 层间距 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]