汉语正式体的基本韵律构造:平衡律与复合音步  

The fundamental prosodic structure of formal register in Chinese:The principle of balance of two-feet formation and compound-feet

作　　者：刘丽媛[1] LIU Liyuan

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,100875

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2024年第2期61-74,共14页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“基于汉语特征的多元语法理论探索(多卷本)”(20&ZD297);国家社科基金后期资助项目(23FYYA001);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2023NTSS27,1233300008)的资助。

摘　　要：汉语的正式体与非正式体韵律存在明显差异,基于“语体不同,音法不同”的语体语法理论,汉语正式体的基本韵律单位与规则也便成为亟待研究的重要问题。本文通过内部较为匀质的正式体语言材料,发现汉语正式体在平衡律为基本规则下,以复合音步为语句构造的最小独立单位。复合音步的内部结构与组向在单位大小、分枝数量、平衡要求、停延特征等方面都发挥着具体的韵律限制作用。进而,我们可以看到正式体节律对不同词类、不同句法位置单双的具体要求,以及基于句法层次的首位复合音步所发挥的韵律定体作用。There are obvious prosodic differences between formal and informal registers in Mandarin Chinese.Based on the theory of Stylistic-register Grammar that different registers have different sound systems,it is argued that the fundamental prosodic units and principles of formal register have become crucial issues to be elaborated and characterized.With relatively homogeneous materials of formal register,this paper proposes that the smallest independent unit of a formal sentence is compound-feet determined by the Principle of Balance of Two-Feet Formation.The internal structure and direction of compound-feet exert important prosodic constraints on words combination through the size of units,number of branches,balance requirements,and pause distributions.Furthermore,it is discovered that formal prosody has different requirements on different lexical categories and syntactic positions.Meanwhile,the first compound-feet based on the syntactic structure plays a crucial role in determining formal register by prosody.

关 键 词：正式体 平衡律 复合音步 韵律模板 句法分布 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]