东昆仑大格勒稀有金属矿床类型的厘定:碳酸岩型铌矿床  

Determination of the Deposit Type of the Dagele Rare Metal Deposit,East Kunlun:Carbonatite-hosted Niobium Deposit

作　　者：周金胜 王强[1] 王秉璋[2] 王涛[2] 马林[1] 李五福[2] 李玉龙[2] 袁博武 翟国良 王春涛[2] 刘建栋[2] 郑英[2] 金婷婷[2] 史兆凯 马玲 刘懋锐 李成 余志伟 杨其济 ZHOU Jinsheng;WANG Qiang;WANG Bingzhang;WANG Tao;MA Lin;LI Wufu;LI Yulong;YUAN Bowu;ZHAI Guoliang;WANG Chuntao;LIU Jiandong;ZHENG Ying;JIN Tingting;SHI Zhaokai;MA Ling;LIU Maorui;LI Cheng;YU Zhiwei;YANG Qiji(State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China;Qinghai Geological Survey Institute,Xining 810012,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所同位素地球化学国家重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]青海省地质调查院,青海西宁810012

出　　处：《大地构造与成矿学》2024年第1期163-171,共9页Geotectonica et Metallogenia

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新群体项目(42021002);中国科学院广州地球化学研究所“涂光炽优秀青年学者计划”项目(TGC202202);中国科学院广州地球化学研究所“一四五”规划自主布局项目(2023000093)联合资助。

摘　　要：铌是十分重要的关键金属,目前的主要用途是提高合金材料的抗腐蚀和耐高温性,同时其具有卓越的超导性能,因而随着超导技术革命的推进,未来对铌的需求可能会出现爆发式增长。尽管我国有各种类型的铌矿床,但可供开采利用的铌资源十分匮乏,使得我国目前铌资源的对外依存度高达99.5%。本文对新发现的东昆仑大格勒稀有金属矿床中典型的矿石样品进行了综合矿物分析系统(TIMA)和电子探针成分分析,该矿床中主要的含矿(Nb)岩性为金云母岩和碳酸岩以及少量辉石岩、角闪石岩,矿石矿物主要为铌钙矿(粒径最高可达1.2 mm)、铌铁矿(粒径最高可达1.0 mm)、钛锆钍矿(粒径最高可达1.5 mm)、铌钛铀矿(粒径最高可达0.4 mm)、含铌钛铁矿(粒径最高可达0.3 mm)等,粒径和赋存形式明显优于白云鄂博矿床(粒径<0.04mm)。初步识别出两期铌矿化,即岩浆期和热液期,岩浆期结晶的铌矿物有铌钙矿、铌铁矿、钛锆钍矿、铌钛铀矿、含铌钛铁矿等;热液期形成的铌矿物也有铌钙矿、钛锆钍矿等。基于本次分析,并对比若干个与大格勒矿床极其类似的世界级铌矿床(例如Araxá、Catalao I和St.Honoré),我们将大格勒矿床厘定为碳酸岩型铌矿床。Niobium is a very important critical metal,and its main use is to improve the corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance of alloy materials;and it has excellent superconductivity properties.Therefore,with the advancement of superconducting technology,the demand for niobium may increase explosively in the future.Although there are various types of Nb deposits in China,the niobium resources available for mining and utilization are very scarce,which makes China’s current dependence on foreign niobium resources as high as 99.5%.This paper reports a comprehensive mineral analysis system(TIMA)and electronic probe analysis of the newly discovered Dagele rare metal deposit in East Kunlun.The ore is mainly hosted in the phlogopite rock and carbonatite,as well as a small amount of pyroxenite and hornblendite.The ore minerals are mainly fersmite(particle size up to 1.2 mm),columbite-(Fe)(particle size up to 1.0 mm),zirconolite(particle size up to 1.5 mm),betafite(particle size up to 0.4 mm),and ilmenite-(Nb)(particle size up to 0.3 mm);and the grain sizes of these Nb minerals are larger than those in the Baiyun Obo deposit.Two stages of niobium mineralization have been identified,namely the magmatic stage and the hydrothermal stage.The niobium minerals crystallized in the magmatic stage include fersmite,columbite-(Fe),zirconolite,betafite,and ilmenite-(Nb);whereas niobium minerals formed in the hydrothermal stage include fersmite and zirconolite.Based on the above analytical results,it can be concluded that the Dagele deposit has features similar to those of world-class carbonatite-type niobium deposits such as the Araxá,Catalão I,

关 键 词：铌矿床 碳酸岩 金云母岩 稀有金属 大格勒 

分 类 号：P618[天文地球—矿床学]