缓释包膜尿素配施对土壤性质和夏玉米生长的影响  

Effects of controlled-release coated urea combined application on soil properties and summer maize growth

作　　者：殷金忠 唐蛟 吕利娟 吴大付[1,2] 张喜焕 YIN Jinzhong;TANG Jiao;LV Lijuan;WU Dafu;ZHANG Xihuan(College of Resources and Environment,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,China;Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide&Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application,Xinxiang 450003,China;Henan Xinlianxin Chemical Industry Group Co.,Ltd.,Xinxiang 453000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院资源与环境学院,河南新乡453003 [2]河南省生物药肥研发与协同应用工程研究中心,河南新乡450003 [3]河南心连心化学工业集团股份有限公司,河南新乡450000

出　　处：《河南科技学院学报（自然科学版）》2024年第2期25-32,共8页Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：河南省高等学校重点科研项目(20B210004);河南科技学院博士科研启动项目(208010617009)。

摘　　要：缓释肥料根据作物需肥特征可达到养分释放与作物吸收同步的目的.缓释包膜尿素与普通尿素混施既可以降低肥料成本,又能够满足作物生长需求,实现氮肥的合理运筹.研究通过在黄淮海平原豫北地区连续两年(2017—2018年)开展不同施氮剂量下包膜尿素与普通尿素配施试验,于收获季收集0-20 cm表层土壤和植物样品,进行土壤基本理化性质和植株生长指标测定.试验共设置2个施氮水平(L,低氮施用量;H,高氮施用量)和3个配施比例(CU1,包膜尿素∶普通尿素=40∶60;CU2,包膜尿素∶普通尿素=49∶51;CU3,包膜尿素∶普通尿素=57∶43),并设置常规高施氮量全普通尿素处理对照(CK),共计7个处理.研究结果表明,土壤含全氮、速效磷和有效钾量分别较对照增加37.1%~142.0%、16.5%~33.6%和22.0%~73.1%,含有机质量提高7.0%~42.5%,碳氮比降低33.7%~48.8%.各配施处理连续两年夏玉米的株高、基径、千粒质量和产量较对照增加21.4%~31.2%、10.4%~18.7%、6.18%~11.2%和15.2%~32.7%.综合考虑作物产量和土壤肥力等指标,建议采用低氮水平下高包膜尿素配施比例NPK混合方案(包膜缓释尿素148.2 kg/hm^(2),普通尿素111.8 kg/hm^(2),过磷酸钙833 kg/hm^(2)和硫酸钾180.0 kg/hm^(2))既能满足夏玉米高产对养分的需求,又能保证土地持续的生产力.Crop absorption and nutrient release could occur simultaneously using controlled-release coated fertilizer based on the features of fertilizer need.The application of mixed coated urea with controlled release saves fertilizer costs while simultaneously meeting crop needs and demonstrating the rational use of nitrogen fertilizer.A two-year field study was carried out to examine the effects on soil physicochemical parameters and plant growth indexes of varying nitrogen application quantities and ratios of coated and regular urea in northern Henan Province of the North China Plain.There were a total of seven treatments designed,including two nitrogen application levels(low,L,and high,H),three ratios(CU1,coated urea∶ordinary urea=40∶60;CU2,coated urea∶ordinary urea=49∶51;CU3,coated urea∶ordinary urea=57∶43),and a control(CK)for the traditional high nitrogen application of all ordinary urea input.The results showed that while the ratio of soil carbon to nitrogen declined by 33.7%~48.8%,the levels of total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and organic matter increased by 37.1%~142.0%,16.5%~33.6%,22.0%~73.1%,and 7.0%~42.5%in comparison with the control.There was an increase of 21.4%~31.2%,10.4%~18.7%,6.18%~11.2%,and 15.2%~32.7%in the plant height,base diameter,thousand weight,and yield of summer maize,respectively.It was suggested to use a modest quantity of nitrogen fertilizer with a high proportion of coated urea(148.2 kg/hm^(2)for controlled-release coated urea and 111.8 kg/hm^(2)for regular urea),superphosphate(833.0 kg/hm^(2)),and potassium sulfate(180.0 kg/hm^(2))in relation to crop production and soil fertility.This could produce soil fertility that is sustainable and satisfy the nutritional requirements for a good crop production.

关 键 词：玉米 产量 土壤理化性质 包膜缓释尿素 配施 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]