华北一次层状云系暖区水汽和液态水分布特征  

Distribution Characteristics of Water Vapor and Liquid Water in the Warm Zone of a Stratiform Cloud in North China

作　　者：聂皓浩 王婉 杨洋 林晓萌 郭晓军 李晓波 Nie Haohao;Wang Wan;Yang Yang;Lin Xiaomeng;Guo Xiaojun;Li Xiaobo(Tianjin Weather Modification Office,Tianjin 300074;Hebei Weather Modification Center,Shijiazhuang 052100;Tianjin Meteorological Observatory,Tianjin 300074;Tianjin Meteorological Radar Research and Test Center,Tianjin 300074)

机构地区：[1]天津市人工影响天气办公室,天津300074 [2]河北省人工影响天气中心,石家庄052100 [3]天津市气象台,天津300074 [4]天津气象雷达研究试验中心,天津300074

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2024年第2期196-210,共15页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2019YFC1510301);天津市自然科学基金项目(20JCYBJC00010);天津市气象局一般项目(202415ybxm11);中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所联合开放基金(2023SYIAEKFMS14)。

摘　　要：基于机载微波辐射计、地基微波辐射计和Ka波段云雷达3种遥感资料,结合FY-4A气象卫星、气象观测站、天气雷达及再分析资料,研究2021年5月15日一次华北降水性层状云系暖区的水汽和液态水分布特征。结果表明:水汽和液态水的水平分布不均,飞机平飞时机载微波辐射计探测的积分水汽含量和液态水路径起伏变化,最大值分别为4.00 cm和1.87 mm,随着暖区云顶高度和云层厚度降低,二者分别降至0.89 cm和0.13 mm。随着降水发生发展,地基微波辐射计探测的积分水汽含量和液态水路径均出现跃增,峰值分别为8.62 cm和3.85 mm,水汽变化滞后于液态水,垂直方向上液态水含量的累积区厚度、最大值及所在高度均随降水先增后减,液态水的时空演变对暖区降水及增雨作业时机和部位的判识有重要指示意义。云雷达探测的液态水含量也出现跃增,在1 km高度以下反射率因子较大、粒子下落速度及离散程度较大时段,液态水丰富,对应降水量较大,粒子碰并是暖区降水的主要机制。The water vapor content is a crucial factor in assessing cloud water resources,and the content and distribution of cloud liquid water are important reference indicators for determining the quantity and location of catalysts in weather modification operations.Based on inversion results of G-band water vapor radiometer,ground-based microwave radiometer and cloud radar,combined with FY-4A measurements,meteorological observations,radar products and reanalysis data,distribution characteristics of water vapor and liquid water in the warm zone of a stratiform cloud is studied in North China on 15 May 2021,in order to provide some reference for the study of macro-micro structure and precipitation mechanism of the warm zone of precipitable stratiform clouds and weather modification operations.The horizontal distribution of the warm zone is not uniform,and there is also clear horizontal inhomogeneity in the distribution of water vapor and liquid water.The integrated water vapor content and liquid water path,detected by G-band water vapor radiometer,fluctuate during the level flight of aircraft,with maximum values of 4.00 cm and 1.87 mm,respectively.As the cloud top height and cloud thickness decrease in the warm zone,the integrated water vapor content and liquid water path also decrease to 0.89 cm and 0.13 mm.The liquid water path detected by G-band water vapor radiometer is primarily derived from low-level clouds in the warm zone and is also influenced by high-level supercooled water clouds or mixed clouds.With the onset of precipitation,the ground-based microwave radiometer detected a surge in integrated water vapor content and liquid water path,reaching peaks of 8.62 cm and 3.85 mm,respectively.The thickness of liquid water content accumulation zone,as well as its maximum value and height in the vertical direction,initially increase and then decrease with precipitation.The temporal and spatial evolution of liquid water is highly significant for understanding the occurrence and development of precipitation,as well as for

关 键 词：多源遥感 华北层状云 暖区 水汽和液态水 分布特征 

分 类 号：P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]