太湖沉积物营养物及重金属污染分布特征及风险评估  

Distribution characteristics and risk assessment of nutrient and heavy metal pollution in sediment in Taihu Lake

作　　者：陈珏 支鸣强 朱德龙 李苑禾 殷鹏[3] 唐婉莹[1] 尹洪斌[4] CHEN Jue;ZHI Ming-qiang;Zhu De-long;LI Yuan-he;YIN Peng;TANG Wan-ying;YIN Hong-bin(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science&Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;Water Conservancy Engineering Management Office of Taihu Region of Jiangsu Province,Suzhou 215128,China;Water Resources Service Center of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210029,China;State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化学与化工学院,江苏南京210094 [2]江苏省太湖地区水利工程管理处,江苏苏州215128 [3]江苏省水资源服务中心,江苏南京210029 [4]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第3期1457-1465,共9页China Environmental Science

基　　金：江苏省水利科技项目(2021031)。

摘　　要：以太湖不同湖区的沉积物为研究对象(53个点位),通过对沉积物表层及垂向中的总氮、总磷、有机质和8种重金属(Hg、As、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni、Cr)含量的进行分析,基于ArcGIS制图软件绘制了沉积物氮、磷和重金属在不同湖区的空间分布特征,评估了各项污染指标的生态风险.结果表明,全太湖表层沉积物(0~10cm)的总氮为561~2707mg/kg,平均值1502mg/kg;总体处于中度污染.总磷为308~1156mg/kg,平均值532mg/kg;总体处于中度污染.有机质为1.69%~3.44%,平均值2.35%,污染区域空间上由湖中心往湖西北方向污染程度逐渐增加,尤其以竺山湖区、东太湖区和西沿岸北部这3个区域污染最为严重.重金属空间分布上自东南往西北污染程度逐步增加,尤其以竺山湖区、西沿岸区和南沿岸最为严重,Cd污染在8种重金属污染中最为严重.在纵向分布特征上,氮、磷与重金属含量在0~30cm上逐层降低,呈表层富集的特征.Sediments samples collected from 53 sites in various regions of Lake Taihu were analyzed for total nitrogen,total phosphorus,organic matter,and eight heavy metals(Hg,As,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Ni,Cr)in both surface and vertical sediments layers.The spatial distribution characteristics of sediment nitrogen,phosphorus and heavy metals in different regions were mapped using a ArcGIS information system,and then evaluated the ecological risks of various pollution indicators.In the surface sediment(0~10cm)of Lake Taihu,the total nitrogen content ranged from 561 to 2707 mg/kg with an average value of 1502 mg/kg,which is moderately polluted,the total phosphorus content ranged from 308 to 1156 mg/kg with an average value of 532mg/kg,which is moderately polluted,the organic matter content ranged from 1.69%to 3.44%with an average value of 2.35%.Spatially,pollution degree gradually increased from the central region of Lake Taihu towards the northwest,especially in the three places of Zhushanhu,East Taihu and Westcoast.In terms of heavy metals,the pollution levels gradually increased from the southeast to the northwest,with particularly severe pollution observed in the Zhushanhu,Westcoast,and Southern coastal area.Among the eight heavy metal pollutants,Cd contamination is the most severe.In the vertical distribution characteristics,nitrogen,phosphorus and heavy metals tend to accumulate in the surface sediment,and then decreased layer by layer on the vertical distribution of 0~30cm.

关 键 词：太湖 底泥 营养物 重金属 污染评价 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]