碳量子点的制备、环境应用和生物毒性  

Preparation,environmental applications,and biotoxicity studies of carbon quantum dots

作　　者：盛优莹 王贺飞 苏燕[3] 沈可[1] 胡小婕 高彦征 SHENG You-ying;WANG He-fei;SU Yan;SHEN Ke;HU Xiao-jie;GAO Yan-zheng(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment,Ministry of Education,Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China;Shenyang Academy of Environmental Science,Shenyang 110167,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095 [2]吉林大学,地下水资源与环境教育部重点实验室,吉林长春130021 [3]沈阳环境科学研究院,辽宁沈阳110167

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第3期1592-1601,共10页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41925029,42207025);江苏省基础研究计划项目(BK20221025);地下水资源与环境教育部重点实验室开放课题项目(202207005KF)。

摘　　要：围绕碳量子点(CQDs)的制备方法、环境应用及风险展开综述,结果显示,CQDs可通过自上而下或自下而上的方法制备,它在200~400nm的紫外光区有一个或多个吸收峰,在可见光谱中的蓝色和绿色光域有荧光效应.基于此,CQDs可用于检测Hg^(2+)、Cr^(3+)、Mn^(2+)等10余种(重)金属离子,芳香类、四环素等有机污染物及亚硝酸盐等盐类,且具有较高的灵敏度.CQDs对苯酚、亚甲基蓝等有机污染物具有优异的光催化降解能力.CQDs的毒性比多数金属基量子点更低,其诱导生物体内活性氧的过度产生是主要的致毒机制.相关研究为正确认识和评估CQDs的环境风险提供参考,为制定合理的CQDs制备和回收策略提供建议.This article provided a comprehensive review on the preparation methods,environmental applications,and risks associated with carbon quantum dots(CQDs).The preparation methods of CQDs,including the“top-down”and“bottom-up”approaches,and the advantages and disadvantages of different methods were discussed.CQDs usually had one or more absorption peaks in the ultraviolet region of 200 to 400nm,and have photoluminescence effects in the visible blue and green regions.They were used to detect Cu^(2+),Hg^(2+),Cr^(3+),Mn^(2+)and other(heavy)metal ions,organic pollutants like aromatic compounds and tetracycline,and nitrite and other salts with high sensitivity.Additionally,CQDs were the highly reactive photocatalysts for photocatalytic degradation of the pollutants,such as phenol,rhodamine B.Toxicity of CQDs was lower than that of most metal-based quantum dots,and overproduction of reactive oxygen species induced by CQDs in organisms is the main toxic mechanism.These results may serve as a basis for the accurate understanding and assessment of the environmental risks associated with CQDs,and provide technical support for the development of rational strategies for the preparation and recycling of CQDs.

关 键 词：碳量子点 制备方法 环境应用 生物毒性 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]