GDPR的“布鲁塞尔效应”理论及批判——对立法域外影响力的分析  

GDPR and the"Brussels Effect"Theory and Critique——Sociological Analysis of the Extraterritorial Influence of Unilateral Legislation

作　　者：冯玉军[1] 卫洪光 FENG Yujun;WEI Hongguang(School of Law,Renmin University of China,Bejing 100872,China;Institute of Social Sciences,University of Tokyo,Tokyo 1130033,Japan)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872 [2]东京大学社会科学研究所,日本东京1130033

出　　处：《烟台大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第6期24-34,共11页Journal of Yantai University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“完善以宪法为核心的中国特色社会主义法律体系研究”(22AZD059);国家留学基金委国家建设高水平大学公派留学生项目(202206360081)。

摘　　要：欧盟颁布的《通用数据保护条例》是数据领域具有世界影响力的基石性立法,推动了全球各国在数据隐私领域的立法趋同化现象,显著影响了国际数据规则的制定。对《通用数据保护条例》所展现的欧盟立法域外影响力,最具代表性的解释是美国学者Bradford提出的“布鲁塞尔效应”理论,即从“市场驱动”角度说明欧盟单边立法的域外影响力。但这一理论并不能完全解释这一法律现象的真实成因,有必要从社会资本理论等综合视角下对该问题进行法社会学分析,以求全面地理解立法域外影响力是如何形成、传播进而推动国际的立法趋同化,从而在深度全球化背景下整体性地反思我国新时代的国家立法政策。The General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR)issued by the European Union constitutes a foundational legislative act with global influence in the field of data.It has propelled a convergence trend in legislative approaches to data privacy among countries worldwide and has significantly impacted the formulation of international data regulations.The most representative demonstration of the EU's extraterritorial legislative influence is epitomized by the"Brussels Effect"theory proposed by American scholar Bradford,which explains the external impact of EU's unilateral legislative actions from a"market-driven"'perspective.However,this theory alone does not fully explain the underlying causes of this legal phenomenon.It becomes necessary to conduct a socio-legal analysis of this issue from comprehensive viewpoints such as social capital theory,aiming to comprehensively understand how extraterritorial legislative influence is formed,disseminated,and consequently drives legislative harmonization on the international level.This,in turn,prompts an overarching reevaluation of our nation's legislative policy in the context of profound globalization in the new era.

关 键 词：GDPR 布鲁塞尔效应 立法趋同化 社会资本理论 法律全球化 

分 类 号：D990[政治法律—国际法学]