贵州草海国家级自然保护区黑颈鹤、灰鹤种群迁徙动态初步研究  

Migration dynamics of black-necked and common cranes in Caohai National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province

作　　者：晏玉莹 刘延惠 刘懿 陈颜明 马思怡 张平 王汝斌 YAN Yuying;LIU Yanhui;LIU Yi;CHEN Yanming;MA Siyi;ZHANG Ping;WANG Rubin(Guizhou Academy of Forestry,Guiyang 550005,Guizhou,P.R.China;Guizhou Caohai Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Weining 553100,Guizhou,P.R.China;Caohai National Nature Reserve,Weining 553100,Guizhou,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州贵阳550005 [2]贵州草海湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,贵州威宁553100 [3]草海国家级自然保护区管理委员会,贵州威宁553100

出　　处：《贵州林业科技》2023年第4期22-25,34,共5页Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：贵州省林业科研项目(黔林科合[2019]12号);贵州草海湿地生态系统国家定位研究站平台。

摘　　要：贵州草海国家级自然保护区是黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)、灰鹤(Grus grus)重要的越冬地,为研究其黑颈鹤、灰鹤种群迁徙动态,于2019年10月至2020年3月,每日同时对7个固定点监测,调查黑颈鹤和灰鹤种群数量。结果表明:两种鹤类在草海保护区迁徙时期相近,整体分为迁入期、稳定期、迁出期,其中黑颈鹤种群数量迁徙规律保持较稳定的“增加—稳定—减少”模式,灰鹤为“增加—减少”模式。迁入期和迁出期黑颈鹤和灰鹤种群数量相关性显著,相关系数分别达0.975和0.907,稳定期两种鹤类呈现比较显著的负相关,相关系数为-0.693。两种鹤类表现出明显的共存和竞争现象,且通过迁徙时间的差异来减少种群间的竞争。Caohai National Nature Reserve in Guizhou Province was one of the most important overwintering sites for black-necked cranes(Grus nigricollis)and common cranes(Grus grus).This study aims to explore the population migration dynamics of black-necked and common crane.The population of the two species of cranes were also monitored at seven fixed sites every day from October 2019 to March 2020.The results showed that the black-necked and common cranes had the similar migration periods,including the entry,stable and removal period.Specifically,the migration pattern of black-necked cranes was"increase,stability and decrease",whereas,the"increase,and decrease"migration pattern was found in the common cranes.There was the significant correlation between black-necked and common cranes in the entry and removal period,particularly with the correlation coefficient reaching 0.975 and 0.907,respectively.A significant negative correlation was found between the two species in stable period with the correlation coefficient of-0.693.The black-necked and common cranes showed the outstanding coexistence and competition,where the latter was reduced by the different migration time.

关 键 词：黑颈鹤 灰鹤 迁徙 种群动态 贵州草海 

分 类 号：S759.9[农业科学—森林经理学]