创业选择中的正式制度作用差异解析--基于合约履行和产权保护的比较分析  

Difference Mechanisms of Formal Institutions in Entrepreneurship--A Comparative Analysis of Contracting and Property Rights

作　　者：王博[1] 朱沆[2] Wang Bo;Zhu Hang

机构地区：[1]汕头大学商学院,515063 [2]中山大学管理学院,510275

出　　处：《南方经济》2024年第3期19-37,共19页South China Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“动态、复杂制度环境下的创业活动研究”(71872193);国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国家族企业的组织韧性与长期导向研究--基于制度逻辑与双融管理视角”(72272090);汕头大学科研启动经费项目“多元制度与创业活动的关系研究”(STF22027)资助。

摘　　要：完善的正式制度是激活地区创业活力的重要保障。然而,现有研究往往聚焦于整体制度或单一制度展开分析,忽视了不同制度对创业选择的作用机制差异及其潜在复杂效应,这既造成了现有诸多争论的产生,也极大限制了对创业选择中制度影响力的理解。基于制度解绑观点,文章将合约履行制度和产权保护制度视为国家正式制度的两个关键维度,采用分层线性模型对2010-2015年54个国家的355769个劳动力个体样本的检验结果表明,尽管两种制度的改善均有助于提高个体机会型创业可能性,但内在机制的差异却将导致不同制度在特定情境下表现出明显的效应差异。一方面,合约履行制度将在经济发展水平较低地区、对低人力资本个体的机会型创业决策产生更明显促进作用;另一方面,产权保护制度则将在经济发展水平较高地区、对高人力资本个体的机会型创业决策产生更明显促进作用。特别是,作用机制的差异也将导致两种制度对创业决策的共同作用产生潜在抵消效应。上述结论在采用多种稳健性检验后仍保持一致。文章研究结论揭示了对多元制度进行划分是有价值和必要的,有助于推动领域讨论从整体、单一制度的简单分析向多元制度复杂分析的视角转变,并为地方政府根据具体实践促进创业提供一定启示。The phenomenon of regional differences in entrepreneurial activities has become a hot topic of common concern in academia and practice.Since institutions determine the relative benefits of different activities in society and determine whether individuals are willing to allocate their efforts to productive entrepreneurial activities,it has been regarded as a key factor affecting individual entrepreneurial choices and regional entrepreneurial activity.However,the understanding of institutional influence in entrepreneurship is still relatively weak in existing research,which tends to focus on the development level of overall institution or specific single institution.Even though some studies recognize that the overall institutional environment is composed of different institutions,they are accustomed to viewing multiple institutions as homogeneous or interrelated,and assume the simple accumulation of multiple institutional effects,which lack in-depth analysis of the effects of different institutions and their complex combinations.Based on the perspective of unbundling institutions,this article regards the contracting institutions and property rights institutions as two main dimensions of formal institutions.We use a sample of 355769 individuals from 54 countries between 2010-2015 applying a multilevel models to examine how different institutions affect entrepreneurship.Our results demonstrate that although both the improvement of contracting institutions and property rights institutions can help promote individual entrepreneurial entry behavior.However,the contracting institutions determine the direct transaction costs that entrepreneurial enterprises need to pay in business activities,which is mainly related to the short-term operating costs of entrepreneurship.The property rights institutions are reflected in protecting the interests of property rights owners and preventing exploitation by administrative agencies,which is mainly related to the guarantee of long-term benefits of entrepreneurship.Since these interna

关 键 词：正式制度 制度解绑 合约履行 产权保护 

分 类 号：C93[经济管理—管理学]