钙在作物生长发育中的功能及应用  

Function and application of calcium in plant growth and development

作　　者：王宇[1] 郜耿东 葛萌萌 常影 谭静 葛贤宏[1] 王晶 汪波[1] 周广生[1] 傅廷栋[1] WANG Yu;GAO Geng-Dong;GE Meng-Meng;CHANG Ying;TAN Jing;GE Xian-Hong;WANG Jing;WANG Bo;ZHOU Guang-Sheng;FU Ting-Dong(College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第4期793-807,共15页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“绿肥及增效产品创制与产业化”(2021YFD1700201)资助。

摘　　要：钙是作物必需的中量元素之一,广泛存在于根、茎、叶、花、果实、种子中,对作物的生长发育具有重要意义。钙属于再利用难的元素,其吸收、转运受制于蒸腾作用,因此农作物常发生生理性缺钙,从而导致抗逆性减弱,产量和品质降低。作物体内的钙具有双重功能,既参与细胞壁与细胞膜的构成,还可作为细胞内第二信使参与多种环境刺激和内部生长发育信号的响应。细胞中钙的吸收和转运对于维持细胞内钙离子稳态和钙信号精准传导至关重要。近年来,钙在作物生长与发育中的功能和在作物生产中的应用得到了广泛研究。本文阐述了作物体内钙元素的分布、吸收转运和需求状况,介绍了作物缺钙症状和原因,并综述了钙的营养结构功能和第二信使功能及钙信号产生、传导和解码机制,总结了钙在作物生长发育中的作用,包括对产量、品质和抗逆性等方面的影响,同时对其未来研究方向提出了展望。Calcium is one of the essential elements in crops.It is widely present in roots,stems,leaves,flowers,fruits,and seeds,and is of great significance for the growth and development of crops.Calcium is a difficult element to redistribute,and its absorption and transport are subject to transpiration.Therefore,crops often experience physiological calcium deficiency,which weakens their stress resistance and reduces both yield and quality.Calcium in crops has dual functions.It not only participates in the formation of cell walls and membranes but also plays a role in responding to various environmental stimuli and internal growth and development signals as an intracellular second messenger.The absorption and transportation of calcium in cells are essential for maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis and ensuring calcium signal transduction.In recent years,the function and application of calcium in crops have been extensively studied.In this study,we describe the distribution,absorption,transportation,and demand of calcium in crops,introduce the symptoms and causes of calcium deficiency in crops,review the nutritional structure functions of calcium,the second messenger function and the mechanism of calcium signal generation,transmission,and decoding,and summarize the role of calcium in crop growth and development,including its effects on yield,quality,and stress resistance.Meanwhile,the future research direction is proposed.

关 键 词：作物 缺钙 钙吸收 钙转运蛋白 第二信使 抗逆性 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]