四倍体海稻86的诱导、鉴定及其耐盐碱特性评价分析  

Induction,identification and salt-alkali tolerance evaluation of tetraploid Haidao 86

作　　者：李航宇 刘心诚 贺文婷 刘可意 乔振华 吕品苍 张献华[1] 何玉池[1] 蔡得田[1,2] 宋兆建 LI Hang-Yu;LIU Xin-Cheng;HE Wen-Ting;LIU Ke-Yi;QIAO Zhen-Hua;LYU Pin-Cang;ZHANG Xian-Hua;HE Yu-Chi;CAI De-Tian;SONG Zhao-Jian(School of Life Sciences,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,Hubei,China;Wuhan Polyploid Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430345,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北大学生命科学学院,湖北武汉430062 [2]武汉多倍体生物科技有限公司,湖北武汉430345

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第4期914-931,共18页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：武汉市重大科技专项和武汉市品牌农业发展计划项目资助。

摘　　要：多倍体化是植物进化的重要趋势之一。与二倍体植物相比,多倍体植物往往具有更强的抗耐性。海稻86是具有强耐盐碱能力的水稻种质资源,在盐碱地开发应用和粮食增产研究中具有重要利用价值。为充分利用多倍体植物抗逆性增强的优势,选育耐盐碱能力更强的四倍体水稻新品种,本研究以海稻86为基础,对其进行离体染色体加倍获得海稻86同源四倍体;以海稻86-4x和海稻86-2x发芽期和幼苗期NaCl、Na_(2)CO_(3)和PEG-6000胁迫处理的表型指标及生理生化指标鉴定,检测两者的耐盐碱特性及差异。结果表明:(1)通过离体染色体加倍可高效诱导获得四倍体植株,加倍率达27.63%。(2)与海稻86-2x相比,海稻86-4x的细胞核DNA含量及根尖染色体数目增加一倍;形态及农艺性状发生明显变化,如植株变矮、茎秆变粗、单株有效穗数减少、籽粒及千粒重增大、每穗总粒数及每穗实粒数减少、结实率降低等。(3)在发芽期,海稻86-4x的发芽势、发芽率、芽长、根长、根数、含水量最高,海稻86-2x次之,对照黄华占最低;海稻86-4x的盐碱害率最小、盐碱害等级最低,海稻86-2x次之,对照黄华占的盐碱害率最大、盐碱害等级最高。(4)在幼苗期,海稻86-4x的脯氨酸和叶绿素含量最高、丙二醛含量和相对电导率最低,超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性最高,海稻86-2x次之,而对照黄华占的脯氨酸和叶绿素含量最低、丙二醛含量和相对电导率最高、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性最低。综上可知,与海稻86-2x相比,海稻86-4x在表型指标和生理生化指标上均表现出明显的耐盐碱性优势,具有更强的耐盐碱能力。该研究结果为深入解析海稻86的耐盐碱机制奠定基础,也为耐盐碱四倍体水稻新品种的选育提供了材料基础和理论依据。Polyploidization is an important trend in plant evolution.Polyploid plants often have stronger resistance to stress than diploid ones.Haidao 86 is a rice germplasm resource with strong salt-alkali tolerance,which has important utilization value for the application of saline-alkaline land and the increase of grain yield.To make full use of the advantages of enhanced stress resistance in polyploid plants and breed new tetraploid rice varieties with stronger salt-alkali tolerance,diploid Haidao 86 was submitted for in vitro chromosome doubling to create autotetraploid Haidao 86 in this study.After stress treatment with NaCl,Na_(2)CO_(3),and PEG-6000,the phenotypic indexes,physiological and biochemical indexes of tetraploid and diploid Haidao86 at germination and seedling stages were detected to understand the salt-alkali tolerance characteristics and differences between them.The results showed as follows:(1)By in vitro chromosome doubling,tetraploid plants can be efficiently induced,with a doubling rate of 27.63%.(2)Compared with diploid Haidao 86,the nuclear DNA content and root tip chromosome number of tetraploid Haidao 86 was doubled.There were significant changes in morphology and agronomic traits,such as plants becoming shorter,stems becoming thicker,effective panicles per plant decreasing,grain and thousand grain weight increasing,total grains per panicle,and filled grains per panicle decreasing,and seed setting rate decreasing.(3)At germination stage,the germination energy,germination rate,shoot length,root length,root number,and water content of tetraploid Haidao 86 were the highest,followed by diploid Haidao 86,and the control Huanghuazhan was the lowest.Tetraploid Haidao 86 had the lowest salt alkali damage rate and grade,followed by diploid Haidao 86,and the control Huanghuazhan had the highest salt alkali damage rate and grade.(4)At seedling stage,tetraploid Haidao 86 had the highest proline and chlorophyll content,the lowest malondialdehyde content and relative electrical conductivity,the highest supero

关 键 词：海稻86 离体染色体加倍 四倍体 耐盐碱性 发芽势 发芽率 生理生化指标 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]