不同播幅对小麦花后叶片光合特性和产量的影响  

Effects of different sowing space on photosynthetic characteristics after anthesis and grain yield of wheat

作　　者：张振 赵俊晔[2] 石玉[1] 张永丽[1] 于振文[1] ZHANG Zhen;ZHAO Jun-Ye;SHI Yu;ZHANG Yong-Li;YU Zhen-Wen(College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Farming,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Service Technology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Agricultural Information Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/小麦育种全国重点实验室/农业农村部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]中国农业科学院农业信息研究所/农业部农业信息服务技术重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第4期981-990,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32172114,31601243);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03);泰山学者工程专项经费资助。

摘　　要：为了明确不同播幅对小麦籽粒产量的影响及其形成的生理原因,本研究于2019—2020年和2020—2021年冬小麦生长季,在山东省济宁市兖州区小孟镇史家王子村小麦试验站大田试验条件下设置2种播幅处理:处理1是播幅为8 cm(B1);处理2是播幅为3 cm(B2)。研究了不同播幅对小麦光合特性、冠层光截获特性、干物质积累与转运和籽粒产量的影响。试验结果表明:B1处理开花后叶面积指数和冠层光合有效辐射截获率显著高于B2处理,其冠层光合有效辐射透射率显著低于B2处理;B1处理开花后旗叶叶绿素相对含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均显著高于B2处理,其胞间二氧化碳浓度显著低于B2处理;B1处理开花期和成熟期干物质积累量、开花后干物质在籽粒中的分配量、成熟期籽粒干物质积累量均显著高于B2处理;B1处理穗粒数、千粒重均显著高于B2处理;与B2处理相比,B1处理的2年平均籽粒产量和光能利用率分别高6.12%和7.71%。综上所述,播幅为8 cm的B1处理通过塑造了合理的冠层结构,改善了开花后叶片的光合性能,有利于开花后植株的光合物质生产,从而获得了最高的籽粒产量和光能利用率,为本试验条件下的最优处理。研究为小麦宽幅播种节水高产高效栽培技术提供了理论依据。In order to clarify the influence of different sowing width on wheat grain yield and its physiological causes,in the 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 winter wheat growing seasons,two sowing treatments were set under field test conditions at Shijiawangzi Wheat Test Station,Xiaomeng Town,Yanzhou District,Jining City,Shandong Province.Treatment 1 was 8 cm(B1);Treatment 2 is broadcast at 3 cm(B2).The effects of different sowing plots on photosynthetic characteristics,canopy light interception characteristics,dry matter accumulation and transport,and grain yield of wheat were studied.The results showed that the leaf area index and photosynthetically active radiation interception rate of B1 treatment were significantly higher than those of B2 treatment,and the photosynthetically active radiation transmittance of B1 treatment was significantly lower than that of B2 treatment.The relative chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of flag leaves under B1 treatment were significantly higher than B2 treatment,and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration was significantly lower than B2 treatment.Dry matter accumulation at anthesis and maturity,dry matter distribution in seeds after anthesis and dry matter accumulation at maturity were significantly higher under B1 treatment than B2 treatment.The number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight of B1 treatment were significantly higher than those of B2 treatment.Compared with B2 treatment,the two-year average grain yield and light energy utilization rate of B1 treatment increased by 6.12%and 7.71%,respectively.In summary,B1 treatment with a sowing width of 8 cm can shape a reasonable canopy structure,improve the photosynthetic performance of leaves after anthesis,and facilitate the production of photosynthetic substances of plants after anthesis,thus obtaining the highest grain yield and light energy utilization rate,which is the optimal treatment under the conditions of this experiment.This research provides a theoretical basis

关 键 词：小麦 光合特性 干物质积累与转运 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]