苦瓜种质资源农艺和品质性状遗传多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Agronomic and Quality Traits in Bitter Gourd Germplasm Resourcs

作　　者：汪自松 李兆佳 罗厚仟 沈伟 王涛涛[2] 杨静[2] 刘正鲁 WANG Zisong;LI Zhaojia;LUO Houqian;SHEN Wei;WANG Taotao;YANG Jing;LIU Zhenglu(College of Agriculture and Food Engineering,Baise University,Baise 533000,Guangxi,China;Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;Research and Development Center of Fine Chemical Industry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]百色学院农业与食品工程学院,广西百色533000 [2]华中农业大学园艺植物生物学教育部重点实验室,湖北武汉430070 [3]贵州大学精细化工研究开发中心,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2024年第3期104-110,共7页China Vegetables

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1000300);广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD20297015);百色学院大学生创新项目(202110609188)。

摘　　要：以48份苦瓜种质资源为试材,对与果实相关的10个农艺性状和5个品质性状进行变异性和相关性研究,并进行主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明:农艺性状平均变异系数为33.9%,瓜棱变异系数最大,瓜长最小,变异范围为18.0%~49.6%,表明苦瓜的遗传基础较宽。相关性分析与主成分分析表明,与果实相关的10个农艺性状间呈极显著相关,农艺性状与品质性状之间的相关性不高,且品质性状之间不存在显著相关关系,表明农艺性状与品质性状的遗传选择相对独立。农艺性状主成分分析中4个主成分累计贡献率为75.51%,单瓜鲜质量与单瓜干质量、瓜上径粗和瓜下径粗呈极显著正相关,表明选育瓜径粗较大的材料有利于配制单瓜鲜质量适中的高产杂交组合。聚类分析在D2=5时,将48份苦瓜材料分为特征不同的三大类,并筛选出早熟材料131-1、2101-2、2116,晚熟材料2106-4,综合性状较好的材料46-1-1、67-1、80-1,以及雌性系168-1,这8份苦瓜种质可作为优异目标亲本选择。Using 48 bitter melon germplasm resources as test materials and taking principal component analysis and cluster analysis,the variability and correlation of 10 agronomical traits and 5 quality traits were studied.The results showed that the average coefficient of variation of agronomic traits was 33.9%,with the largest variation coefficient of gourd edge and the smallest variation coefficient of gourd length,ranging from 18.0%to 49.6%,indicating that bitter gourd had a broad genetic basis.Correlation analysis and principal component analysis revealed that there was a highly significant correlation among the 10 agronomic traits related to the fruit,but the correlation between agronomic traits and quality traits was not high,and there was no significant correlation between quality traits,indicating that the genetic selection of agronomic traits and quality traits was relatively independent.Agronomic traits principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the four principal components was 75.51%,and there was a highly significant positive correlation between the fresh weight and the dry weight of a single fruit,as well as the upper and lower fruit diameters,indicating that breeding materials with larger fruit diameters is beneficial for developing high-yielding hybrid combinations.The 48 bitter melon materials was classified three distinct categories at D2=5 by cluster analysis,and identified 131-1,2101-2,2116 as early-maturing materials,2106-4 as a late-maturing material,46-1-1,67-1,80-1 as materials with good comprehensive traits,and 168-1 as a female line.These eight bitter melon germplasm resources can be used as excellent target parents for selection.

关 键 词：苦瓜 遗传多样性 主成分分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S642.5[农业科学—蔬菜学]